Family of metastable intermolecular composites utilizing energetic liquid oxidizers with nanoparticle fuels in sol-gel polymer network
A new process for forming MICs as well as three exemplary categories of MIC formulations is disclosed. MICs disclosed herein include a first exemplary category for which combustion can be initiated and sustained by either a heat (flame) source or electrical power, a second exemplary category of formulations that can be ignited and that sustain combustion at low pressures only with electrical power and a third exemplary category of formulations that can be ignited and extinguished at low pressures only with electrical power. The new process of MIC formulation provides energetic liquid oxidizers in place of traditional solvents, thus eliminating the need for solvent extraction. The energetic liquid oxidizer serves as a medium in which to suspend and grow the 3D nanostructure formed by the cross linked polymer (PVA). As a consequence, the 3D nanostructure entraps the liquid oxidizer, preventing it from evaporating and thereby eliminating the need for solvent extraction, preserves the 3D nanostructure shape. Further, the liquid oxidizer matrix produces provides a mechanism through which ignition and combustion may be controlled. The material combustion rate may be adjusted/throttled through adjustments in the amount electrical power supply and may even be extinguished by complete removal of the electrical power supply. Repeated on/off ignition/extinguishment is possible through repeated application and removal of electrical current.
1. A method of preparing and combusting a metastable intermolecular composite, the method comprising the steps of:
a. preparing a metastable intermolecular composite through the steps of:
i. growing a 3D nanostructure framework in an energetic ionic liquid oxidizer through the addition of a cross-linked polymer;
ii. trapping said liquid oxidizer in said 3D nanostructure; and
iii. trapping fuel nanoparticles in said 3D nanostructure;
b. initiating combustion of said metastable intermolecular composite through the application of electric current; and
c. wherein said combustion has a rate, wherein said rate may be controlled through alteration of the amount of said electric current applied, and wherein said combustion is terminated through the removal of said electric current.
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein said liquid oxidizer is a eutectic mixture of ammonium nitrate and other organic nitrate salts.
3. The method according to claim 1 wherein said liquid oxidizer and said fuel nanoparticles are substantially uniformly distributed within said 3D nanostructure.
4. The method according to claim 3 wherein said uniform distribution occurs through self-assembly of said liquid oxidizer and said fuel nanoparticles.
5. The method according to claim 1 wherein said initiating and said termination of combustion occurs repeatedly.
6. The method according to claim 5 wherein said combustion occurs as part of a solid, liquid, or hybrid propellant system.
7. The method according to claim 1 wherein said liquid oxidizer comprises hydroxylamine nitrate (HAN).
8. The method according to claim 7 wherein:
a. said metastable intermolecular composite is spark-in-sensitive; and
b. said fuel nanoparticles comprise aluminum.
9. The method according to claim 7 wherein:
a. said fuel nanoparticles comprise PEABN;
b. said composition is spark and flame insensitive; and
c. said combustion is smokeless.
10. The method according to claim 1 further comprising trapping and disbursing inert nanoparticles within said 3D nanostructure.
11. The method according to claim 10 wherein said inert nanoparticles are proppants.
12. The method according to claim 11 wherein said liquid oxidizer, and said fuel, said inert nanoparticles are substantially uniformly distributed within said 3D nanostructure.
13. The method according to claim 12 wherein said uniform distribution occurs through self-assembly of said liquid oxidizer, said fuel nanoparticles, and said inert nanoparticles.