Treatment of flue gas from an oxyfuel combustion process
Carbon monoxide (CO) may be removed from flue gas generated by oxyfuel combustion of a hydrocarbon or carbonaceous fuel, by contacting the flue gas, or a CO-containing gas derived therefrom, at a first elevated temperature, e.g. at least 80° C., and at a first elevated pressure, e.g. at least 2 bar (0.2 MPa), with at least one catalyst bed comprising a CO-oxidation catalyst in the presence of oxygen (O 2 ) to convert CO to carbon dioxide and produce carbon dioxide-enriched gas. The carbon dioxide produced from the CO may be recovered from the carbon dioxide-enriched gas using conventional carbon dioxide recovery techniques. NO in the flue gas may also be oxidized to nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and removed using conventional NO 2 removal techniques, or may be reduced in the presence of a reducing gas to nitrogen (N 2 ) which does not have to be removed from the gas.
1. A method for removing carbon monoxide (CO) from flue gas comprising carbon dioxide, CO and at least one non-condensable gas, said method comprising:
generating said flue gas by oxyfuel combustion of a fuel in an oxyfuel combustion system;
contacting said flue gas, or a CO-containing gas derived therefrom, at a first elevated temperature and at a first elevated pressure, with at least one catalyst bed comprising a CO-oxidation catalyst in the presence of oxygen (O 2 ) to convert CO to carbon dioxide and produce carbon dioxide-enriched gas comprising at least a portion of said non-condensable gas(es);
recovering carbon dioxide from said carbon dioxide-enriched gas, or from a carbon dioxide-containing gas derived therefrom, to produce recovered carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide-depleted gas comprising at least a portion of said non-condensable gas(es).
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said first elevated temperature is at least 80° C.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein heat is recovered from said carbon dioxide-enriched gas by indirect heat exchange with said flue gas, or said CO-containing gas derived therefrom, as feed to said catalyst bed(s).
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said first elevated pressure is at least 2 bar (0.2 MPa).
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said flue gas is generated at a pressure that is lower than said first elevated pressure, said method comprising compressing said flue gas to said first elevated pressure.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein carbon dioxide is recovered from said carbon dioxide-enriched gas, or from said carbon dioxide-containing gas derived therefrom, by a process selected from the group consisting of low temperature carbon dioxide purification involving condensation or liquefaction of carbon dioxide to produce said recovered carbon dioxide as a liquid; membrane separation; and any combination thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of said carbon dioxide is recovered from said carbon dioxide-enriched gas, or from said carbon dioxide-containing gas derived therefrom, by membrane separation, said method comprising:
separating said carbon dioxide-enriched gas, or said carbon dioxide-containing gas derived therefrom, in a membrane separation system into a carbon dioxide-rich permeate fraction and a non-condensable gas(es)-enriched retentate fraction; and
recycling said carbon dioxide-rich permeate fraction, or a carbon dioxide-rich gas derived therefrom, to said oxyfuel combustion system.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said carbon dioxide-rich permeate fraction is used to regenerate at least one adsorbent bed prior to being recycled to said oxyfuel combustion system.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein said adsorbent bed(s) is part of an integrated low temperature carbon dioxide purification system involving condensation or liquefaction of carbon dioxide to produce recovered carbon dioxide as a liquid.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein said carbon dioxide-enriched gas, or said carbon dioxide-containing gas derived therefrom, comprises at least one additional gas selected from the group consisting of O 2 and NO x , and wherein said carbon dioxide-rich permeate fraction comprises at least a portion of said additional gas(es).
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said flue gas, or said CO-containing gas derived therefrom, comprises nitric oxide (NO) and wherein said catalyst bed(s) oxidizes NO to nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) in the presence of O 2 , said carbon dioxide-enriched gas thereby also being enriched with NO 2 .
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein NO 2 is removed from said carbon dioxide-enriched gas, or from a NO 2 -containing gas derived therefrom, by a process selected from the group consisting of adsorption; conversion to nitric acid condensate; membrane separation; distillation; and any combination of two or more of said processes.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein at least a portion NO 2 is removed from said carbon dioxide-enriched gas, or from a NO 2 -containing gas derived therefrom, by adsorption, said method comprising:
adsorbing NO 2 in at least one adsorbent bed to produce NO 2 -depleted gas;
regenerating said adsorbent bed(s) using a regeneration gas to produce NO 2 -enriched regeneration gas; and
recycling said NO 2 -enriched regeneration gas to said oxyfuel combustion system.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein said flue gas is contacted with said catalyst bed(s), and CO in said flue gas is converted to carbon dioxide to produce said carbon dioxide-enriched gas.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein carbon dioxide is recovered from said carbon dioxide-enriched gas, or from a carbon dioxide-containing gas derived therefrom, by low temperature carbon dioxide purification involving condensation or liquefaction of carbon dioxide to produce said recovered carbon dioxide as a liquid and said carbon dioxide-depleted gas.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein said flue gas comprises NO, and said catalyst bed(s) oxidizes NO to NO 2 to produce carbon dioxide-enriched gas that is enriched with NO 2 , said method comprising removing NO 2 from said carbon dioxide-enriched gas to produce said carbon dioxide-containing gas that is at least lean in NO 2 .
17. The method of claim 1 , said method comprising recovering carbon dioxide from said flue gas by low temperature carbon dioxide purification involving condensation or liquefaction of carbon dioxide to produce recovered carbon dioxide as a liquid and said CO-containing gas which is depleted in carbon dioxide, wherein said CO-containing gas is contacted with said catalyst bed(s), and CO in said CO-containing gas is converted to carbon dioxide to produce said carbon dioxide-enriched gas.
18. The method of claim 17 ,
wherein carbon dioxide is recovered from said carbon dioxide-enriched gas in a membrane separation system that produces a carbon dioxide-rich permeate fraction as said recovered carbon dioxide and a non-condensable gas(es)-enriched retentate fraction as said carbon dioxide-depleted gas; said method comprising:
recycling said carbon dioxide-rich permeate fraction to said oxyfuel combustion system, optionally after being used to regenerate at least one adsorbent bed.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein said CO-containing gas comprises NO, and said catalyst bed(s) oxidizes NO to NO 2 to produce said carbon dioxide-enriched gas that is enriched with NO 2 , said method comprising removing NO 2 from said carbon dioxide-enriched gas, or from a non-condensable gas(es)-enriched gas derived therefrom that comprises NO 2 , to produce residual gas that is at least lean in NO 2 .
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein said flue gas, or said CO-containing gas derived therefrom, comprises NO and wherein said catalyst bed(s) reduces NO to nitrogen (N 2 ) in the presence of a reducing gas, said carbon dioxide-enriched gas thereby also being enriched with N 2 .
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein said flue gas comprises SO x , said method comprising removing SO x from said flue gas prior to contacting said flue gas, or said CO-containing gas derived therefrom, with said catalyst bed(s).
22. A method for removing carbon monoxide (CO) and NO x from flue gas comprising carbon dioxide, CO, NO x and at least one non-condensable gas, said method comprising:
generating said flue gas by oxyfuel combustion of a fuel in an oxyfuel combustion system;
contacting said flue gas, or a CO-containing gas derived therefrom comprising nitric oxide (NO), at a first elevated temperature and at a first elevated pressure, with at least one catalyst bed comprising a CO-oxidation catalyst in the presence of oxygen (O 2 ) to convert CO and NO to carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) respectively and produce carbon dioxide-enriched gas comprising at least a portion of said condensable gas(es) and enriched in NO 2 ;
removing at least a portion of said NO 2 from said carbon dioxide-enriched gas, or from a NO 2 -containing gas derived therefrom, by adsorbing NO 2 in at least one adsorbent bed to produce NO 2 -depleted gas;
regenerating said adsorbent bed(s) using a regeneration gas to produce NO 2 -enriched regeneration gas; and
recycling said NO 2 -enriched regeneration gas to said oxyfuel combustion system.