Fuel cell system and method of operating fuel cell system
A fuel cell system in which excess water vapor or nitrogen gas is prevented from remaining inside the fuel cell in intermittent operation. The fuel cell system includes an estimation unit that estimates a water vapor amount and a nitrogen gas amount at a plurality of predetermined positions inside the electrolyte membrane and the reaction gas flow channel of at least one unit cell of the fuel cell stack; and an operation control unit that compares, during an operation stop of intermittent operation, the water vapor amount and/or the nitrogen gas amount at each of the predetermined positions with a threshold for each of the predetermined positions, and supplies a gas to the reaction gas flow channel and discharges water vapor and nitrogen gas from inside the fuel cell when the water vapor amount and/or the nitrogen gas amount exceeds the threshold at at least one of the positions.
1. A fuel cell system including a fuel cell having a cell stack formed by stacking a plurality of unit cells each having an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, an electrolyte membrane located between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, and a reaction gas flow channel,
the fuel cell system further having:
an estimation unit that estimates a water vapor amount and a nitrogen gas amount at a plurality of predetermined positions inside the electrolyte membrane and the reaction gas flow channel of at least one unit cell;
wherein the water vapor amount is estimated by determining a residual water amount distribution in the reaction gas flow channel and a water content distribution in the electrolyte membrane in a cell plane of the unit cell with consideration for water transfer performed between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode via the electrolyte membrane;
wherein the nitrogen gas amount is estimated by determining a nitrogen gas distribution in the reaction gas flow channel in the cell plane of the unit cell with consideration for nitrogen gas transfer performed between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode via the electrolyte membrane; and
an operation control unit that:
compares, during an operation stop of intermittent operation, at least either of the water vapor amount or the nitrogen gas amount at each of the predetermined positions that has been estimated by the estimation unit with a threshold for each of the predetermined positions that has been set with consideration for a stacking direction of the unit cells and a flow channel direction of the reaction gas flow channel, and
supplies a gas including hydrogen gas to the reaction gas flow channel and discharges water vapor and nitrogen gas from inside the fuel cell, when at least either of the water vapor amount and the nitrogen gas amount exceeds the threshold at at least one of the positions.
2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1 , wherein
the reaction gas flow channel communicates with a circulation flow channel that receives hydrogen off-gas discharged from the fuel cell and recirculates the hydrogen off-gas back to the fuel cell; and
the operation control unit performs gas circulation in the circulation flow channel when the threshold is exceeded.
3. The fuel cell system according to claim 2 , wherein
a discharge flow channel leading to the outside of the fuel cell system is connected via an opening-closing valve to the circulation flow channel; and
the operation control unit opens the opening-closing valve and performs the discharge of water vapor and nitrogen gas via the discharge flow channel.
4. An operation method for a fuel cell system including a fuel cell having a cell stack formed by stacking a plurality of unit cells each having an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, an electrolyte membrane located between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, and a reaction gas flow channel,
the operation method comprising:
a step of estimating a water vapor amount and a nitrogen gas amount at a plurality of predetermined positions inside the electrolyte membrane and the reaction gas flow channel of at least one unit cell;
wherein the water vapor amount is estimated by determining a residual water amount distribution in the reaction gas flow channel and a water content distribution in the electrolyte membrane in a cell plane of the unit cell with consideration for water transfer performed between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode via the electrolyte membrane;
wherein the nitrogen gas amount is estimated by determining a nitrogen gas distribution in the reaction gas flow channel in the cell plane of the unit cell with consideration for nitrogen gas transfer performed between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode via the electrolyte membrane; and
a step of comparing, during an operation stop of intermittent operation, at least either of the water vapor amount or the nitrogen gas amount at each of the predetermined positions that has been estimated by the estimation unit with a threshold for each of the predetermined positions that has been set with consideration for a stacking direction of the unit cells and a flow channel direction of the reaction gas flow channel, and
a step of supplying a gas including hydrogen gas to the reaction gas flow channel and discharging water vapor and nitrogen gas from inside the fuel cell, when at least either of the water vapor amount and the nitrogen gas amount exceeds the threshold at at least one of the positions.
5. The operation method for a fuel cell system according to claim 4 , wherein gas circulation is performed in which the gas discharged from the reaction gas flow channel of the fuel cell is treated and supplied to the reaction gas flow channel of the fuel cell when the threshold is exceeded.
6. The operation method for a fuel cell system according to claim 5 , wherein during the gas circulation, water vapor and nitrogen gas are discharged via a discharge flow channel connected to a circulation flow channel in which the gas circulation is performed.