Methods and compositions for predicting death from cancer and prostate cancer survival using gene expression signatures
The emerging concept of cancer stem cells suggests that activation in transformed cells of “stemness” genetic pathways (e.g., normal stem cells' self-renewal pathways) may contribute to the survival life cycle of cancer stem cells, and to tumor progression and metastasis of the malignancy. Thus, activation of “stemness” genes in cancer cells may be associated with aggressive clinical behavior and increased likelihood of therapy failure. General methods and kits associated with prediction of clinical outcome for a disease state of a subject based on gene expression analysis are described. The invention includes determining expression of at least three genes selected from the group consisting of GBX2, MKI67, CCNB1, BUB1, KNTC2, USP22, HCFC1, RNF2, ANK3, FGFR2, and CES1, and mouse homologs thereof.
1. A method for predicting a clinical outcome for a human subject having prostate cancer, comprising:
determining the mRNA expression of a set of genes in a sample from the human subject having prostate cancer, wherein the set of genes consists of the following 11 genes GBX2, MK167, CCNB1, BUB1, KNTC2, USP22, HCFC1, RNF2, ANK3, FGFR2, and CES1, and
determining the stem cell-resembling phenotype association index (“SPAI”) for the set of genes in the sample by comparison of the mRNA expression of each of the 11 genes from the human subject having prostate cancer to each of the 11 genes in a reference sample from a stem cell, wherein said stem cell is a peripheral nervous system neurosphere;
wherein a subject whose sample has a positive SPAI is predicted to have a poor clinical outcome and a subject whose sample has a negative SPAI is predicted to have a good clinical outcome.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said poor clinical outcome is selected from the group consisting of recurrence, failure, likelihood of metastasis, likelihood of distant metastasis, and invasiveness, and said good clinical outcome is selected from disease free survival and likelihood of survival at a predetermined time period.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising analyzing a clinico-pathological feature selected from the group consisting of a pre-radical prostatectomy Gleason sum, a surgical margin evaluation, a seminal vesicle invasion, an age, and an extra-capsular extension.