Composite materials comprising supported porous gels containing reactive functional groups
This invention relates to a composite material that comprises a support member that has a plurality of pores extending through the support member and, located in the pores of the support member, and filling the pores of the support member, a macroporous cross-linked gel. The invention also relates to a process for preparing the composite material described above, and to its use. The composite material is suitable, for example, for separation of substances, for example by filtration or adsorption, including chromatography, for use as a support in synthesis or for use as a support for cell growth.
1. A composite material, comprising:
(a) a support member comprising a plurality of pores extending through the support member, wherein the average pore diameter is between 0.1 and 25 μm; and
(b) a non-self-supporting gel comprising a plurality of reactive functional groups, wherein the gel comprises a plurality of macropores having an average macropore diameter between about 10 nm and about 3000 nm;
wherein the gel is chemically grafted to the surface of the pores of the support member; the gel is located in the pores of the support member and essentially fills the pores of the support member; and the macropores of the gel are smaller than the pores of the support member.
2. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the gel comprises poly(2-acryloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride), poly(N-acryloxysuccinimide), poly(N-acryloyltris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine), poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride), poly(N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride), poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide), poly(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate), poly(2-(N,N-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate), poly(N-[3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide), poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide), poly(2,3-dihydroxypropyl acrylate), poly(2,3-dihydroxypropyl methacrylate), poly(glycidyl acrylate), poly(glycidyl methacrylate), poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate), poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide), poly(hydroxypropyl acrylate), poly(hydroxypropyl methacrylate), poly(methacryloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride), poly(2-(2-methoxy)ethyl acrylate), poly(2-(2-methoxy)ethyl methacrylate), poly(4-vinylpyridine), poly(vinylsulfonic acid), poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone), poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride), poly(acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid), poly((3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride), poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) or its salts, poly(diallylamine), or poly(diallylammonium chloride).
3. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the gel comprises a polymer derived from a macromonomer selected from the group consisting of poly(ethylene glycol)acrylate and poly(ethylene glycol)methacrylate.
4. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the gel comprises a polymer derived from a macromonomer selected from the group consisting of poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate and poly(ethylene glycol)dimethacrylate.
5. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the gel comprises poly(glycidyl acrylate) or poly(glycidyl methacrylate).
6. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the gel comprises poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone).
7. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the gel comprises poly(acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid).
8. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the gel comprises poly((3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride).
9. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the reactive functional groups are selected from the group consisting of epoxides, anhydrides, azides, halogens, acid chlorides, hydroxyls, carboxylic acids, and carboxylic acid esters.
10. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the reactive functional groups are selected from the group consisting of epoxides, and carboxylic acid esters.
11. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the average pore diameter of the pores in the support member is about 0.45 μm.
12. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the average pore diameter of the pores in the support member is about 0.9 μm.
13. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the support member comprises woven or non-woven fibrous material.
14. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the support member comprises a polyolefin.
15. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the support member comprises polypropylene.
16. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the support member comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polysulfones, polyethersulfones, polyphenyleneoxides, polycarbonates, polyesters, cellulose, and cellulose derivatives.
17. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the support member comprises a polyester.
18. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the support member is a thermally-induced phase separation membrane.
19. A method, comprising the steps of:
contacting a fluid comprising a substance with a composite material of claim 1 , thereby adsorbing or absorbing a portion of the substance onto the composite material.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein a portion of the fluid passes through a macropore in the gel.