Compounds and uses thereof for treating inflammation and modulating immune responses
The present invention provides compounds, and compositions comprising these compounds, which have immunomodulatory activity and/or anti-inflammatory activity.
1. A method for treating arthritis, wherein said method comprises administering, to a subject in need of such treatment, an effective amount of an isolated compound or a salt thereof, wherein said compound has the following formula:
wherein
R 1 is alkyl;
R 2 is H or alkyl;
R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are independently —H, acyl, halo, haloalkyl, amino, alkylamino, hydroxyl, alkyl, hydroxylalkyl, or —COOH;
R 6 is —O or —NH;
R 7 is —H, alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxylalkyl, hydroxyl, or halo;
R 8 , R 9 , and R 12 are independently —H, acyl, halo, amino, alkylamino, hydroxyl, alkyl, hydroxylalkyl, or —COOH;
R 10 is H or alkyl; and
R 11 is H or alkyl.
2. The method, according to claim 1 , wherein the subject is a human.
3. The method, according to claim 1 , wherein the R 2 is H, R 3 is H, and R 4 is H.
4. The method, according to claim 3 , wherein R 1 is a methyl group.
5. The method, according to claim 1 , wherein TNF-α activity is inhibited.
6. The method, according to claim 1 , used to rheumatoid arthritis.
7. The method, according to claim 1 , wherein the subject is a mammal.
8. The method, according to claim 7 , wherein the mammal is cattle.
9. The method, according to claim 1 , wherein ERK1/2 phosphorylation is inhibited.
10. The method, according to claim 1 , wherein said compound is:
11. The method, according to claim 1 , wherein NF-kB activation is suppressed.