Cysteine prodrugs to treat schizophrenia and drug addiction
The present invention provides cysteine prodrugs for the treatment of schizophrenia and drug addiction. The invention further encompasses pharmaceutical compositions containing prodrugs and methods of using the prodrugs and compositions for treatment of schizophrenia and drug addiction.
1. A cysteine prodrug having the structure:
a cystine dimer of said prodrug having the structure:
wherein: R 1 , R 2 , R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from OH, ═O, or a branched or straight chain C 1 to C 5 alkoxy group,
with the caveats that when ═O is selected the nitrogen atom adjacent the carbonyl group thusly formed bears a H and a single bond joins the adjacent nitrogen to said carbonyl group and further that the R 1 , R 2 , R 4 and R 5 that appear in the structure shall be selected to not all be ═O; and
R 3 is H, a branched or straight chain C 1 to C 5 alkyl, a nitrobenzenesulfonyl, an aryl thio, an aryl, an alkylthio, an acyl, a benzoyl, a thio acyl, a thio benzoyl, or a benzyl group.
2. The cysteine prodrug according to claim 1 , wherein said prodrug has the structure:
3. The cysteine prodrug according to claim 1 , wherein said prodrug is the cystine dimer having the structure:
4. The cysteine prodrug according to claim 1 , where said prodrug is the cysteine dimer wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from a branched or straight chain C 1 to C 5 alkoxy group.
5. The cysteine prodrug according to claim 1 , where said prodrug is the cysteine dimer wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 4 and R 5 are selected from the same branched or straight chain C 1 to C 5 alkoxy group.
6. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a cysteine prodrug or cystine dimer thereof according to claim 1 and a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier.
7. A method of reducing drug craving in a subject comprising administering to said subject an effective amount of a prodrug or dimer thereof according to claim 1 , whereby drug craving is reduced in said subject.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein said prodrug has the structure:
9. The method according to claim 7 , wherein said prodrug is the cystine dimer having the structure:
10. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the step of administering to said subject is accomplished by oral delivery.