Apparatuses and methods for production of radioisotopes in nuclear reactor instrumentation tubes
Example embodiments are directed to apparatuses and methods for producing radioisotopes in instrumentation tubes of operating commercial nuclear reactors. Irradiation targets may be inserted and removed from instrumentation tubes during operation and converted to radioisotopes otherwise unavailable from nuclear reactors. Example apparatuses may continuously insert, remove, and store irradiation targets to be converted to useable radioisotopes.
1. A method of producing radioisotopes, the method comprising:
choosing at least one irradiation target with a known neutron cross-section, the irradiation target not being a neutron detector;
inserting the irradiation target into an instrumentation tube of a nuclear reactor, the instrumentation tube extending into the reactor and having an opening accessible from an exterior of the reactor, to expose the irradiation target to neutron flux encountered in the nuclear reactor when operating, the irradiation target substantially converting to a radioisotope when exposed to a neutron flux encountered in the nuclear reactor, the inserting including positioning the irradiation target at an axial position in the instrumentation tube for an amount of time corresponding to an amount of time required to convert the irradiation target to a radioisotope at a flux level corresponding to the axial position based on an axial neutron flux profile of the nuclear reactor; and
removing the irradiation target and produced radioisotope from the instrumentation tube.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nuclear reactor is a 100+ Megawatt-electric nuclear reactor.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inserting and the removing are performed while the nuclear reactor is operating.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the radioisotope produced has a half-life of 75 days or less.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the irradiation target is one chosen from the group consisting of Molybdenum-99, Chromium-50, Copper-63, Dysprosium-164, Erbium-168, Holmium-165, Iodide-130, Iridium-191, Iron-58, Lutetium-176, Palladium-102, Phosphorus-31, Potassium-41, Rhenium-185, Samarium-152, Selenium-74, Sodium-23, Strontium-88, Ytterbium-168, Ytterbium-176, and Yttrium-89.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the produced radioisotope is one chosen from the group consisting of Technetium-99m, Chromium-51, Copper-64, Dysprosium-165, Erbium-169, Holmium-166, Iodine-131, Iridium-192, Iron-59, Lutetium-177, Palladium-103, Phosphorous-32, Potassium-42, Rhenium-186, Samarium-153, Selenium-75, Sodium-24, Strontium-89, Xenon-133, Ytterbium-169, Ytterbium-177, and Yttrium-90.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
removing the irradiation target and produced radioisotope from a containment structure surrounding the nuclear reactor.
8. A method of producing radioisotopes, the method comprising:
choosing at least one irradiation target with a known neutron cross-section;
inserting the irradiation target into an instrumentation tube of a nuclear reactor, the instrumentation tube extending into the reactor and having an opening accessible from an exterior of the reactor, to expose the irradiation target to neutron flux encountered in the nuclear reactor when operating, the irradiation target substantially converting to a radioisotope when exposed to a neutron flux encountered in the nuclear reactor, the inserting including positioning the irradiation target at an axial position in the instrumentation tube for an amount of time corresponding to an amount of time required to convert a substantial portion of the irradiation target to a radioisotope at a flux level corresponding to the axial position based on an axial neutron flux profile of the nuclear reactor; and
removing the irradiation target and produced radioisotope from the instrumentation tube.