Microchannel laser having microplasma gain media
The invention provides microchannel lasers having a microplasma gain medium. Lasers of the invention can be formed in semiconductor materials, and can also be formed in polymer materials. In a microlaser of the invention, high density plasmas are produced in microchannels. The microplasma acts as a gain medium with the electrodes sustaining the plasma in the microchannel. Reflectors are used with the microchannel for obtaining optical feedback to obtain lasing in the microplasma gain medium in devices of the invention for a wide range of atomic and molecular species. Several atomic and molecular gain media will produce sufficiently high gain coefficients that reflectors (mirrors) are not necessary. Microlasers of the invention are based on microplasma generation in channels of various geometries. Preferred embodiment microlaser designs can be fabricated in semiconductor materials, such as Si wafers, by standard photolithographic techniques, or in polymers by replica molding.
1. A microchannel microlaser device, comprising:
a microchannel containing gas, vapor, or combinations of gases or vapors;
plasma excitation electrodes disposed to excite a plasma in said microchannel; and
an optical feedback structure, wherein said microchannel, plasma excitation electrodes and said optical feedback structure are dimensioned and configured and said gas, vapor, or combinations of gases or vapors is selected to achieve lasing within the microchannel itself;
an optical output along the axis of the microchannel.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein said microchannel comprises a triangular microchannel.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein said microchannel is formed in a semiconductor substrate, the device further comprising dielectric to protect said microchannel and said plasma excitation electrodes from plasma generated in the microchannel.
4. The device of claim 3 , wherein said optical feedback structure comprises semiconductor facets at the ends of said microchannel.
5. The device of claim 3 , wherein said optical feedback structure comprise reflectors at the ends of said microchannel.
6. The device of claim 3 , wherein said optical feedback structure is a wavelength selective grating.
7. The device of claim 6 , wherein said optical feedback structure is a Bragg grating.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein said plasma excitation electrodes are disposed on both sides of the microchannel along the length of the microchannel.
9. The device of claim 1 , wherein said microchannel is formed in a polymer substrate.
10. The device of claim 1 , comprising a plurality of microchannels.
11. A microchannel microlaser device, comprising:
a microchannel containing a microplasma gain medium and being dimensioned to support lasing within the microchannel;
electrodes for electrically exciting the microplasma gain medium; and
optical output means for outputting laser output from the microchannel.
12. The device of claim 11 , wherein said electrodes and said microchannel are protected from said plasma by dielectric.
13. The device of claim 11 , wherein said microchannel is formed in semiconductor material.
14. The device of claim 11 , wherein said microchannel is formed in a polymer material.
15. The device of claim 11 , wherein said electrodes are disposed along the length of said microchannel.
16. The device of claim 11 , wherein said microchannel has depth of approximately 14-70 μm.
17. A microchannel microlaser device, comprising:
a microchannel containing a microplasma gain medium;
electrodes for electrically exciting the microplasma gain medium; and
optical output means for outputting laser output from the microchannel, wherein said microchannel has depth of approximately 14-70 μm and wherein said microchannel has a length exceeding approximately 0.5 cm, and an upper opening of approximately 30-200 μm.
18. The device of claim 17 , wherein said length is between approximately 1 cm and 1 m.
19. The device of claim 11 , further comprising optical feedback means for providing optical feedback in said microchannel.
20. The device of claim 1 , further comprising ports for introducing gas and/or vapor flow through said microchannel.
21. A microchannel microlaser device, comprising:
a microchannel containing gas, vapor, or combinations of gases or vapors;
plasma excitation electrodes disposed to excite a plasma in said microchannel; and
an optical output along the axis of the microchannel, wherein said microchannel has a length exceeding approximately 0.5 cm, and an upper opening of approximately 30-200 μm.
22. The device of claim 21 , wherein said electrodes are disposed along substantially the entire length of said microchannel.