Automated bit sequencing for digital light modulation
Disclosed embodiments utilize MIP techniques to determine optimum bit sequences that minimize PWM artifacts. The problem would first be restructured and redefined into a form suitable for MIP. An objective function designed to minimize PWM artifacts would allow for evaluation of resulting bit sequences in order to determine optimality. Constraints (that relate the inputs and variables) are developed. These constraints would determine whether a particular bit sequence can be used on a given system, and whether a particular bit sequence would satisfy any user defined rules. Once these are determined, an MIP solver would generate an optimized bit sequence(s). Only bit sequences that satisfy the constraints would be evaluated using the objective function, allowing for a quicker determination of a solution. This MIP solution may be generated quickly, allowing for a shorter production period while still optimizing the bit sequences to minimize PWM artifacts.
1. A method for automated generation of an optimized bit sequence used in pulse width modulation (PWM) to create intermediate light intensity levels on spatial light modulation (SLM) display systems, the method comprising:
providing a table of pluralities of choices of potential specific bit sequences for use for respectively creating corresponding ones of the intermediate light intensity levels;
providing inputs influencing selection of the potential bit sequences for a particular image frame displayed by the SLM display system;
developing variables based on the inputs, the variables providing information regarding PWM artifacts created by each potential bit sequence for the particular image frame;
creating constraint equations based at least in part on the variables, the constraint equations limiting the potential bit sequences to viable bit sequences that the SLM display system can perform and/or that satisfy user-defined rules;
creating at least one objective function based at least in part on the variables, the objective functions evaluating the effectiveness of the viable bit sequences in minimizing PWM artifacts for the particular image frame; and
generating an optimum bit sequence using a potential bit sequence selected from the table from among the viable bit sequences based on the constraint equations and objective functions, the optimum bit sequence having minimized PWM artifacts for the particular image frame.
2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the inputs are selected from the group consisting of:
bit plane related input information;
system parameter input information;
details regarding an enumeration table to be used;
user rule set information; and
infeasibility analysis regarding potential constraint equations.
3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the user rule sets are selected from the group consisting of:
requirements for symmetry within bit sequences;
requirements for equalization within bit sequences;
requirements for repetition within bit sequences;
requirements for specific orders within bit sequences; and
requirements for bookend bits within bit sequences.
4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the variables comprise ordering variables defining order of bit segments or bit splits within bit sequences.
5. A method according to claim 4 , wherein the ordering variables comprise a binary variable for each pair of bit splits to determine which bit split comes before another, and/or an integer variable that defines the location of each bit split in the final order of an overall bit sequence.
6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the variables comprise metric variables used as intermediate values when calculating a final metric for mixed integer programming calculations.
7. A method according to claim 6 , wherein the metric variables comprise sample points corresponding to each segment of a given bit sequence, a linear connection of the sample points illustrating PWM artifacts.
8. A method according to claim 7 , wherein the at least one objective function comprises a metric equation that combines all of the metric variables to produce one final metric value that indicates the severity of PWM artifact for the given bit sequence.
9. A method according to claim 8 , wherein the at least one objective function comprises an evaluation of the effectiveness of the viable bit sequences in minimizing PWM artifacts for the particular image frame across key transitions of the viable bit sequences.
10. A method according to claim 9 , wherein the key transitions comprise transitions in bit sequences where each particular bit plane is first introduced in the sequence.
11. A method according to claim 10 , wherein severity of PWM artifact of a key transition is quantified as a linear approximation of the area of the PWM transition function.
12. A method according to claim 10 , wherein severity of PWM artifact of a key transition is quantified as a peak error evaluation comprising an evaluation of the metric value of a PWM artifact based on the greatest perceptual difference at the key transition.
13. A method for automated generation of an optimized bit sequence used in pulse width modulation (PWM) to create intermediate light intensity levels on spatial light modulation (SLM) display systems, the method comprising:
providing a table of pluralities of choices of potential specific bit sequences for use for respectively creating corresponding ones of the intermediate light intensity levels;
providing inputs influencing selecting of the potential bit sequences for a particular image frame displayed by the SLM display system;
developing variables based on the inputs, the variables providing information regarding PWM artifacts created by each potential bit sequence for the particular image frame, and employable in mixed integer programming calculations;
creating constraint equations based at least in part on the variables, the constraint equations limiting the potential bit sequences to viable bit sequences that the SLM display system can perform and/or that satisfy user-defined rules;
creating at least one objective function based at least in part on the variables, the objective functions evaluating the effectiveness of the viable bit sequences in minimizing PWM artifacts for the particular image frame; and
performing mixed integer programming calculations using the constraint equations and the at least one objective function to generate an optimum bit sequence using a potential bit sequence selected from the table from among the viable bit sequences, the optimum bit sequence having minimized PWM artifacts for the particular image frame.
14. A method according to claim 13 , wherein the inputs are selected from the group consisting of:
bit plane related input information;
system parameter input information;
details regarding an enumeration table to be used;
user rule set information; and
infeasibility analysis regarding potential constraint equations.
15. A method according to claim 13 , wherein the user rule sets are selected from the group consisting of:
requirements for symmetry within bit sequences;
requirements for equalization within bit sequences;
requirements for repetition within bit sequences;
requirements for specific orders within bit sequences; and
requirements for bookend bits within bit sequences.
16. A method according to claim 13 , wherein the variables comprise ordering variables defining order of bit segments or bit splits within bit sequences.
17. A method according to claim 16 , wherein the ordering variables comprise a binary variable for each pair of bit splits to determine which bit split comes before another, and/or an integer variable that defines the location of each bit split in the final order of an overall bit sequence.
18. A method according to claim 13 , wherein the variables comprise metric variables used as intermediate values when calculating a final metric for mixed integer programming calculations.
19. A method according to claim 18 , wherein the metric variables comprise sample points corresponding to each segment of a given bit sequence, a linear connection of the sample points illustrating PWM artifacts.
20. A method according to claim 19 , wherein the at least one objective function comprises a metric equation that combines all of the metric variables to produce one final metric value that indicates the severity of PWM artifact for the given bit sequence.
21. A method according to claim 20 , wherein the at least one objective function comprises an evaluation of the effectiveness of the viable bit sequences in minimizing PWM artifacts for the particular image frame across key transitions of the viable bit sequences.
22. A method according to claim 21 , wherein the key transitions comprise transitions in bit sequences where each particular bit plane is first introduced in the sequence.
23. A method according to claim 22 , wherein severity of PWM artifact of a key transition is quantified as a linear approximation of the area of the PWM transition function.
24. A method according to claim 22 , wherein severity of PWM artifact of a key transition is quantified as a peak error evaluation comprising an evaluation of the metric value of a PWM artifact based on the greatest perceptual difference at the key transition.