Method of preparing an overbased or neutral detergent
The invention provides a process for preparing a neutral or an overbased detergent, the process by: reacting (a) a pre-prepared suspension comprising (i) a metal base with a mean particle size of 10 micrometers or less; (ii) a surfactant; and (iii) an organic medium in which the metal base is suspended typically by a physical process. An overbased detergent may be formed with a further reaction with acidifying overbasing agent. The invention further provides a lubricant composition containing said neutral and overbased detergent.
1. A process for preparing an overbased detergent, the process comprising: reacting (a) a pre-prepared suspension comprising (i) a calcium or magnesium metal base with a mean particle size of about 1 micrometers or less, (ii) a surfactant comprising an ionic or non-ionic compound with a hydrophilic lipophilic balance of about 1 to about 18, and (iii) an organic medium comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity, a liquid fuel, a hydrocarbon solvent, or mixtures thereof, in which the metal base is suspended; wherein the metal base is suspended uniformly in the organic medium by a physical process and wherein the physical process results in the metal base having a mean particle size of less than about 1 micrometer; (b) an acidifying overbasing agent; and (c) an acidic or neutralised detergent substrate, to form an overbased detergent,
wherein the physical process comprises milling, and
wherein the amount of metal base present in the suspension ranges from about 40 wt % to about 65 wt % of the suspension.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the suspension is a dispersion.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the physical process results in the metal base of the suspension having a mean particle size of at least about 10 nanometers to less than about 1 μm.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the overbased detergent is a sulphonate detergent with a TBN of at least about 350 to about 920 or a phenate, salixarate or salicylate detergent with a TBN ranging from about 105 to about 500.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the metal base is a carbonate, oxide, hydroxide, or mixtures thereof.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant comprises at least one of a saligenin, a hydrocarbyl substituted aryl sulphonic acid, a polyolefin-substituted acylating agent, or a salixarene, or a salt thereof.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the organic medium comprises an oil of lubricating viscosity.
8. The process of claim 1 further comprising employing a mixture of at least one of alcohols, co-surfactants or co-promoters.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process involves adding 1 to 10 metal base additions, thereafter removing at least a portion of water and of alcohols from the process, and a processing step of filtering or stripping the product to form the overbased metal detergent.
10. A lubricant or a lubricant concentrate composition comprising: an oil of lubricating viscosity and the overbased detergent of claim 1 .
11. The lubricant or lubricant concentrate of claim 10 wherein the lubricant is at least one of transmission fluids, gear oils, hydraulic fluids, metal working fluids, greases, or internal combustion engine lubricants.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the physical process comprises milling in a vertical or horizontal bead mill.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant has a HLB of 2.5 to 15.
14. The process of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant has a HLB of 2.5 to 6.
15. The process of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant has a HLB of 1 to 8.