Vibration isolator
The invention relates to a vibration isolator comprising a canister which ends are closed by end caps and a shaft able to move inside the canister, wherein the shaft comprises a piston-like shaped part for separating the canister in two parts: the first part being defined between the piston-like shaped part of the shaft and the first end cap, and comprising at least one resilient and damping element able to be compressed by a compression movement of the shaft on a first nominal stroke; the second part being defined between the piston-like shaped part of the shaft and the second end cap, and comprising at least one resilient and damping element able to be compressed by a tension movement of the shaft on a second nominal stroke; the tangential stiffness of the vibration isolator being, on at least one part of the first nominal stroke of the shaft, at least twice as lower as its tangential stiffness on the entire second nominal stroke of the shaft.
1. A vibration isolator comprising:
a canister having ends closed by first and second end caps;
a shaft able to move inside the canister, the shaft comprising a piston shaped part separating the canister into a first part defined between the piston shaped part of the shaft and the first end cap, and a second part defined between the piston shaped part of the shaft and the second end cap, said first part comprising at least one first resilient element providing a damping function and able to be compressed by a compression movement of the shaft on a first nominal stroke, and said second part comprising at least one second resilient element providing a damping function and able to be compressed by a tension movement of the shaft on a second nominal stroke;
wherein a washer is disposed around the shaft, one side of the washer being in contact with the at least one second resilient element of the second part of the canister, the other side of said washer being able to be in contact with the piston-shaped part of the shaft when the vibration isolator operates in tension and able to be in contact with a ring-shaped inner wall of the canister when the vibration isolator operates in compression;
wherein at least one of the first and second end caps is screwable on the canister in order to adjust a pre-load exerted on said at least one of the first and second resilient elements through said element and said washer such that a step of tangential stiffness occurs at the transition between the two nominal strokes; and
wherein the tangential stiffness of the vibration isolator is, on the entire second nominal stroke of the shaft, at least twice as strong as the tangential stiffness on the entire first nominal stroke of the shaft.
2. A vibration isolator as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first part of the canister comprises a number of the first resilient elements providing a damping function which differs from the number of the second resilient elements providing a damping function comprised in the second part of the canister.
3. A vibration isolator as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one first and second resilient elements comprised in both parts of the canister are identical.
4. A vibration isolator as claimed in claim 1 , wherein there is provided a spacer inserted between one of the end caps and said at least one of the first and second resilient elements.
5. A vibration isolator as claimed in claim 4 , comprising a damping element between the spacer and the shaft disposed inside said spacer so that it does not bear any load on the shaft.
6. A vibration isolator as claimed in claim 1 , wherein there is provided at least one stroke bumper between the ring-shaped inner wall and the piston shaped part of the shaft for damping the end stroke of the shaft when the vibration isolator operates in tension.
7. A vibration isolator as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said at least one of the first and second resilient elements is a metal mesh cushion.
8. A vibration isolator as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the metal mesh cushion is made of stainless steel and has the following features:
number of wires n wherein 20≦n≦90, diameter d of a wire wherein 0.003 in.≦d≦0.009 in., mass w wherein 20 g≦w≦40 g, and section s of the cushion wherein 0.5 inch 2 ≦S≦2.5 inch 2 .
9. A vibration isolator as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said at least one of the first and second resilient elements also comprises an elastomeric material.
10. A vibration isolator as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said vibration isolator provides a damping factor f such that f≧0.18 for a frequency comprised between 8 Hz and 12 Hz during a lifetime of the vibration isolator when the vibration isolator operates in compression, the damping factor f being such that f≧0.25 when the vibration isolator operates for the first time in compression.
11. A vibration isolator as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said vibration isolator provides a damping factor f such that f≧0.18 for a frequency comprised between 8 Hz and 12 Hz during a lifetime of the vibration isolator when the vibration isolator operates in tension, the damping factor f being such that f≧0.2 when the vibration isolator operates for the first time in tension.