Resorbable matrix having elongated particles
Compression resistant matrices and methods are provided that have elongated particles embedded therein. The compression resistant matrices provide improved stability and mechanical strength and resists shifting, extrusion and rotation after implantation. In some embodiments, the matrices provided reduce or prevent surface compression of the implantable matrix which will cause unwanted increased amounts of growth factor (e.g., bone morphogenic protein) to leak from the matrix.
1. An implantable matrix configured to fit at or near a target tissue site, the matrix comprising: a biodegradable polymer and a plurality of elongated particles embedded within the polymer, the elongated particles embedded in the polymer uniformly or randomly so as to reduce compression of the matrix, wherein the matrix includes a plurality of pores between about 50 μm and 500 μm and has a porosity of at least 30% such that the matrix allows influx of at least progenitor, bone and/or cartilage cells therein, wherein the elongated particles comprise tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite in a ratio of about 80:20 to about 90:10, and the elongated particles represent at least 50 to 98 weight percent of the matrix.
2. An implantable matrix according to claim 1 , wherein (i) compression of the matrix is reduced by at least 10% when a load bearing force is applied to the matrix or (ii) the plurality of elongated particles overlap and contact each other in the matrix.
3. An implantable matrix according to claim 1 , wherein compression of the matrix is reduced by at least 20% when a load bearing force is applied to the matrix.
4. An implantable matrix according to claim 1 , wherein (i) the elongated particles have a modulus of elasticity of between 2 MPa and 100 MPa or (ii) the purality of elongated particles are entangled in the matrix.
5. An implantable matrix according to claim 1 , wherein the matrix and elongated particles are resorbable and facilitate or accelerate new bone growth by at least one of osteogenesis, osteoconduction and osteoinduction.
6. An implantable matrix according to claim 1 , wherein the elongated particles further comprise a resorbable ceramic, bone, a degradable synthetic polymer, hyaluronic acid, chitosan or combinations thereof.
7. An implantable matrix according to claim 1 , wherein the elongated particles comprise tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite in a ratio of about 85:15.
8. An implantable matrix according to claim 1 , wherein the elongated particles are not aggregated.
9. An implantable matrix according to claim 1 , wherein the elongated particles further comprise bone particles obtained from cortical, cancellous, corticocancellous, allogenic, xenogenic or transgenic bone tissue.
10. An implantable matrix according to claim 1 , wherein the median length of the elongated particles is from about 2 to about 20 mm, the median width of the elongated particles is from about 0.02 to about 5 mm and the ratio of median length to median width is from about 10:1 to about 1000:1.
11. An implantable matrix according to claim 1 , wherein the median length of the elongated particles is from about 1 to about 10 mm, the median width of the elongated particles is from about 0.04 to about 2 mm and the ratio of median length to median width is from about 20:1 to about 200:1.
12. An implantable matrix according to claim 1 , wherein the elongated particles further comprise bone powder, demineralized bone powder, porous calcium phosphate ceramics, bioactive glass or a combination thereof.
13. An implantable matrix according to claim 1 , wherein the matrix is in the form of a bi-layered sponge, plug, pin, peg, or cylinder and further comprises autograft, allograft or xenograft progenitor, bone and/or cartilage cells seeded within the matrix.
14. An implantable matrix according to claim 1 , wherein the matrix comprises a growth factor comprising bone morphogenic protein-2 and the matrix comprises collagen.
15. An implantable matrix according to claim 1 , wherein the matrix comprises collagen, the elongated particles are uniformly embedded in the polymer, and a growth factor comprising BMP-2 is disposed on or in the matrix.
16. An implantable matrix configured to fit at or near a target tissue site, the matrix comprising: collagen and a plurality of elongated mineral particles embedded within the collagen, the elongated mineral particles embedded in the collagen uniformly or randomly so as to reduce compression of the matrix, wherein the matrix includes a plurality of pores between about 50 μm and 500 μm and has a porosity of at least 30% such that the matrix allows influx of at least progenitor, bone and/or cartilage cells therein; and the matrix comprises bone morphogenic protein, herein the elongated particles comprise tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite in a ratio of about 80:20 to about 90:10, and the elongated particles represent at least 50 to 98 weight percent of the matrix.