Methods of detecting cell-free miRNA in urine and blood
Described are non-invasive methods of detecting in vivo cell death by measuring levels of ubiquitous and tissue specific miRNA. The method can be applied for detection of pathologies caused or accompanied by cell death, as well as for diagnosis of infectious disease, cytotoxic effects induced by different chemical or physical factors, and the presence of specific fetal abnormalities.
1. A method of detecting at least one cell-free miRNA released from at least one cell in a subject, the method comprising:
a) obtaining a sample of a body fluid, selected from urine or blood, from a subject;
b) separating a soluble fraction of said sample of urine or blood;
c) detecting and quantitating at least one cell-free miRNA in the soluble fraction with at least one oligonucleotide primer or probe that is substantially complementary to a part of said at least one cell-free miRNA.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said at least one cell-free miRNA is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-7, 9, 10, 13-15, and 17-20.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said body fluid is urine.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said detecting and quantitating step is performed by a method selected from the group consisting of hybridization, cycling probe reaction, polymerase chain reaction, nested polymerase chain reaction, PCR to analyze single strand conformation polymorphisms, and ligase chain reaction.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein said urine is further treated to reduce nucleic acid degradation.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein reducing nucleic acid degradation comprises inhibiting nuclease activity by addition of RNase inhibitor(s), heat inactivation, or by treating said urine sample with a compound selected from the group consisting of: guanidine-HCI, guanidine isothiocyanate, N-lauroylsarcosine, and sodium dodecylsulphate.
7. The method of claim 3 , wherein said urine sample has been held in the bladder less than 12 hours.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said body fluid is blood and said soluble fraction is serum.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein said detecting and quantitating step includes a technique selected from the group consisting of hybridization, cycling probe reaction, polymerase chain reaction, nested polymerase chain reaction, PCR to analyze single strand conformation polymorphisms, and ligase chain reaction.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cell-free miRNA is from a pathogen and the method comprises determining the presence of a pathogen infection.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said pathogen is a virus.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein said virus is Epstein-Barr virus.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said cell-free miRNA is brain specific.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein said subject is pregnant and said at least one cell-free miRNA is released by a fetal cell in the subject.
15. A method of monitoring the level of at least one cell-free miRNA released from at least one cell in a subject, the method comprising:
a) detecting and quantitating at least one cell-free miRNA according to the method of claim 1 in a first sample of body fluid selected from urine or blood from a subject at a first period of time;
b) detecting and quantitating the same cell-free miRNA according to the method of claim 1 in a second sample of the same body fluid from the subject at a second period of time; and
c) comparing the level of said cell-free miRNA from said first period of time to the level of said cell-free miRNA from said second period of time.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein said body fluid is urine.
17. The method of claim 15 wherein said body fluid is blood.