MEMS resonator for filtering and mixing
A method of operating a micro-electromechanical system, comprising a resonator; an actuation electrode; and a first detection electrode, to filter and mix a plurality of signals. The method comprises applying a first alternating voltage signal to the actuation electrode, wherein an actuation force is generated having a frequency bandwidth that is greater than and includes a resonant bandwidth of a mechanical frequency response of the resonator, and wherein a displacement of the resonator is produced which is filtered by the mechanical frequency response and varies a value of an electrical characteristic of the first detection electrode. The method also comprises applying a second alternating voltage signal to the first detection electrode, wherein the second voltage signal is mixed with the varying value to produce a first alternating current signal. The first alternating current signal is detected at the first detection electrode.
1. A method of operating a micro-electromechanical system having a resonator; an actuation electrode; and a first detection electrode, to filter and mix a plurality of signals, the method comprising:
applying a first alternating voltage signal to the actuation electrode, wherein an actuation force is generated having a frequency bandwidth that is greater than and includes a resonant bandwidth of a mechanical frequency response of the resonator, and wherein a displacement of the resonator is produced which is filtered by the mechanical frequency response and varies a value of an electrical characteristic of the first detection electrode;
applying a second alternating voltage signal to the first detection electrode, wherein the second voltage signal is mixed with the varying value to produce a first alternating current signal, and wherein the mixing exploits a non-linearity of the first detection electrode in converting the displacement of the resonator to an electrical signal; and
detecting the first alternating current signal at the first detection electrode.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying a third alternating voltage signal to the actuation electrode, wherein the first voltage signal is mixed with the third voltage signal to generate the actuation force.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the micro-electromechanical system also includes a second detection electrode, the method further comprising:
applying a fourth voltage signal to the second detection electrode; and
detecting a second alternating current signal at the second detection electrode.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the fourth voltage signal is an alternating voltage signal, wherein the fourth voltage signal is mixed with a varying value of an electrical characteristic of the second electrode to produce the second alternating current signal.
5. The method of claim 1 , further including using a second detection electrode for receiving and applying at least one additional voltage signal, wherein one of the first and second detection electrodes is a piezoresistive detector and the other detection electrode is one of an electrostatic detector and an electrostrictive detector.
6. A micro-electromechanical system adapted to filter and mix a plurality of signals, comprising:
a resonator;
a first actuation electrode configured and arranged to, in response to application of a first alternating voltage signal, generate an actuation force having a frequency bandwidth that is greater than and includes a resonant bandwidth of a mechanical frequency response of the resonator and produce a corresponding displacement of the resonator, which is filtered by the mechanical frequency response;
a first detection electrode having an electrical characteristic, the first detection electrode configured and arranged to vary a value of the electrical characteristic in response to the displacement of the resonator relative to the first detection electrode, and in response to application of a, a second alternating voltage signal, mix the second voltage signal with the varying value of the electrical characteristic to produce a first alternating current; and
a first current detector configured and arranged to detect the first alternating current signal at the first detection electrode.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the first actuation electrode is further configured and arranged to mix the first voltage signal is mixed with a third alternating voltage signal to generate the actuation force.
8. The system of claim 6 further comprising a second detection electrode.
9. The system of claim 6 , wherein the actuation electrode is one of an electrostatic actuator and an electrostrictive actuator.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein at least one of the actuation electrode and the first detection electrode is a comb-drive electrostatic electrode.
11. The system of claim 6 , wherein the first detection electrode is one of: a piezoresistive detector, wherein the electrical characteristic is a resistance; an electrostatic detector, wherein the electrical characteristic is a capacitance; and an electrostrictive detector wherein the electrical characteristic is a capacitance.
12. The system of claim 11 , further including a second detection electrode, wherein one of the first and second detection electrodes is a piezoresistive detector and the other detection electrode is one of an electrostatic detector and an electrostrictive detector.
13. The system of claim 6 , wherein the resonator is adapted to resonate in an extensional mode.
14. The system of claim 6 , further including a second detection electrode, wherein one of the first and second detection electrodes is a piezoresistive detector and the other detection electrode is one of an electrostatic detector and an electrostrictive detector.
15. The system of claim 6 , further comprising:
a second actuation electrode configured and arranged to, in response to application of a third alternating voltage signal, generate an second actuation force and produce a corresponding displacement of the resonator, which is filtered by the mechanical frequency response; and
a second detection electrode having the electrical characteristic, the second detection electrode configured and arranged to vary a second value of the electrical characteristic in response to the displacement of the resonator relative to the second detection electrode, and in response to application of a fourth alternating voltage signal, mix the fourth alternating voltage signal with the second value of the electrical characteristic to produce a second alternating current.
16. The system of claim 15 , wherein the resonator is suspended between the first and second actuation electrodes and the first and second detection electrodes.
17. The system of claim 15 , wherein:
the first actuation electrode and the resonator form a first comb-drive electrostatic actuator; and
the second actuation electrode and the resonator form a second comb-drive electrostatic actuator.
18. The system of claim 6 , wherein the resonator is coupled and biased to a ground reference voltage terminal of the system.
19. A micro-electromechanical system adapted to filter and mix a plurality of signals, comprising:
a resonator;
an actuation electrode to which a first alternating voltage signal is applied, wherein an actuation force is generated having a frequency bandwidth that is greater than and includes a resonant bandwidth of a mechanical frequency response of the resonator and wherein a displacement of the resonator is produced which is filtered by the mechanical frequency response;
a first detection electrode having an electrical characteristic a value of which is varied by the displacement of the resonator, to which first detection electrode a second alternating voltage signal is applied, wherein the second voltage signal is mixed with the varying value to produce a first alternating current;
a second detection electrode;
a first current detector that detects the first alternating current signal at the first detection electrode, wherein a fourth voltage signal is applied to the second detection electrode; and
a second current detector that detects a second alternating current signal at the second detection electrode.
20. The system of claim 19 , wherein the fourth voltage signal is an alternating voltage signal, wherein the fourth voltage signal is mixed with a varying value of an electrical characteristic of the second electrode to produce the second alternating current signal.