Method and apparatus for obtaining heavy oil samples from a reservoir sample
The invention relates to an apparatus and method to obtain a bitumen or heavy oil sample from an oil reservoir sample, such as a core sample, to enable measurement of physical properties such as viscosity, API gravity, or chemical properties such as sulphur content of the obtained bitumen or heavy oil sample. The analysis performed on the samples obtained in accordance with the invention are effective in assisting oil field operators in making timely drilling and production decisions at the oil reservoir or for routine laboratory extraction of oils and bitumens. The invention also permits the collection of samples from simulated thermal recovery operations and also allows the collection of bitumens and oils for online analysis of live oil physical properties.
1. An apparatus for extracting substantially pure heavy oil or bitumen from a core sample comprising a heavy oil or bitumen, comprising:
(a) a cylinder and piston assembly that receives the core sample, the cylinder and piston assembly having a bottom opening;
(b) means for applying a force to the piston to axially displace the piston within the cylinder and press the sample against a filter assembly, where the force is applied at a rate determined by a relationship between a mobility of the heavy oil or bitumen contained in the sample and a mobility of an aqueous fluid contained in the sample;
(c) the filter assembly disposed across the bottom opening for retaining solid particles within the cylinder, said filter assembly defining openings smaller than about 200 microns; and
(d) fluid collection means disposed below the bottom opening of the cylinder and including a base plate pressure sealed against a surface of the cylinder and where the filter assembly is mounted in the base plate.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the base plate includes a plurality of fluid collection grooves connecting to a central opening, and having a minimal dead volume.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the filter assembly comprises a support member adapted to withstand a force greater than about 50 MPa and the filter assembly defines openings smaller than about 100 microns.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the support member is adapted to withstand a force greater than about 100 MPa and the filter assembly defines openings smaller than about 80 microns.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the filter assembly comprises a porous member having a pore size less than about 20 microns.
6. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the fluid collection means further comprises a fitting which permits gas-tight connection to a fluid collection container.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the fitting further comprises a gas-tight connection to a fluid source for injection into the cylinder.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising means for heating the cylinder.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising means for cooling the fluid collection means.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising means for introducing a fluid into the cylinder before or during sample processing.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising means for measuring viscosity of heavy oil or bitumen collected from the sample, operatively connected to the fluid collection means.
12. A method for extracting fluid heavy oil or bitumen from a reservoir core sample, said method comprising:
introducing the reservoir core sample into a cylinder and piston assembly including a filter assembly positioned at an end of the cylinder;
determining a force to apply against the piston based on a relationship between a mobility of the heavy oil or bitumen contained in the core sample and a mobility of an aqueous fluid contained in the core sample; and
exerting the determined force against the piston to press the core sample against the filter assembly and mechanically extract the heavy oil or bitumen from the core sample, where solid particles of the core sample are retained in the cylinder and fluids are allowed to pass through;
wherein the force is determined such the heavy oil or bitumen extracted from the core sample retains low boiling point components and is substantially free of the aqueous fluid.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the determined force is such that the aqueous fluid is separately extracted before the heavy oil or bitumen is extracted.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising analyzing the extracted aqueous fluid.
15. The method of claim 12 , further comprising heating the core sample to above about 30° C.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the core sample is heated above about 50° C.
17. The method of claim 12 , further comprising enclosing the core sample in a gas-tight chamber and introducing an additive to the chamber before or during mechanical extraction of fluid from the core sample.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the additive is chosen to simulate reservoir conditions.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the additive comprises solution gas.
20. The method of claim 12 , further comprising cooling the collected fluid extracted from the core sample.
21. The method of claim 12 , further comprising mixing water with the core sample prior to mechanical extraction.
22. The method of claim 12 , further comprising pressurizing the collected fluid extracted from the core sample with or without solution gas.
23. The method of claim 12 , further comprising measuring a property of the collected fluid.
24. The method of claim 12 , further comprising repeatedly pressurizing the core sample by cyclic loading of the piston.
25. A method of simulating a heavy oil or bitumen recovery process or recovery process preconditioning from an underground reservoir, comprising the steps of:
(a) placing a core sample of the underground reservoir in a cylinder and piston assembly;
(b) adding a recovery agent or a preconditioning agent to be used in the simulated process to the core sample;
(c) allowing a chemical reaction or physical reaction, or both, to proceed in the cylinder and piston assembly;
(d) applying a force to the piston to press the core sample against a filter assembly positioned at an end of the cylinder and mechanically extracting the heavy oil or bitumen from the sample, the force determined by a relationship between a mobility of the heavy oil or bitumen contained in the core sample and a mobility of an aqueous fluid contained in the core sample; and
(e) measuring relevant properties of extracted fluid.
26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the recovery agent is added as an aqueous solution or emulsion, the method further comprising extracting an aqueous portion before extracting the heavy oil or bitumen.
27. A method of simulating a heavy oil recovery process from an underground reservoir, comprising:
(a) placing a core sample of the underground reservoir in a cylinder and piston assembly;
(b) applying a force to the piston to press the core sample against a filter assembly positioned at an end of the cylinder and mechanically extracting the heavy oil at low or high temperatures to simulate a cold or thermal recovery process, the force determined by a difference between a mobility of water contained in the sample and a mobility of the heavy oil contained in the sample;
(c) measuring relevant properties of the extracted oil;
(d) extracting at least a portion of the water in the core sample; and
(e) separately from the water, extracting the heavy oil from the core sample, the extracted heavy oil being substantially free from a plurality of solid particles of the sample.
28. The method of claim 27 , further comprising repeatedly pressurizing the core sample by cyclic loading of the piston.
29. A method for extracting fluid water from a reservoir core sample, said method comprising:
introducing the core sample into a cylinder and piston assembly including a filter assembly positioned at an end of the cylinder;
determining a force to apply against the piston based on a difference between a mobility of water contained in the core sample and a mobility of the heavy oil or bitumen contained in the core sample, such that the heavy oil or bitumen is extracted from the core sample separately from the water in the sample and separately from a plurality of solid particles of the core sample;
exerting the determined force against the piston;
pressing the core sample against the filter assembly with the piston; and
mechanically extracting the water from the core sample, where solid particles are retained in the cylinder and fluids are allowed to pass through,
wherein the force is determined such the water extracted from the core sample is substantially free of solid particles and the heavy oil or bitumen.
30. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the mobility of the heavy oil or bitumen is determined based on experimental data.
31. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the force is determined such that the heavy oil or bitumen is extracted from the core sample separately from the aqueous fluid in the core sample and separately from a plurality of solid particles of the core sample.
32. The method of claim 12 , wherein the mobility of the heavy oil or bitumen is determined based on experimental data.
33. The method of claim 12 , wherein exerting the determined force against the piston to press the core sample against the filter assembly and mechanically extract the heavy oil or bitumen from the sample comprises:
extracting the heavy oil or bitumen from the core sample separately from the aqueous fluid in the core sample and separately from a plurality of solid particles of the core sample.