Methods and compositions for detecting amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
The invention provides binding proteins that bind to misfolded or monomeric SOD1, and not to native homodimeric SOD1. The invention also includes methods of diagnosing, detecting or monitoring amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a subject. In addition, the invention provides methods of identifying substances for the treatment or prevention of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and kits using the binding proteins of the invention.
1. An isolated antibody or binding fragment thereof that binds to misfolded or monomeric SOD1, wherein the antibody or binding fragment thereof does not bind to native homodimeric SOD1 and wherein the antibody or binding fragment thereof binds to an epitope on the dimer interface of SOD1.
2. The isolated antibody or binding fragment thereof according to claim 1 , wherein the isolated antibody or binding fragment thereof binds the amino acid sequence ACGVIGI (SEQ ID NO:1).
3. The isolated antibody or binding fragment thereof according to claim 1 , wherein the isolated antibody or binding fragment thereof binds RLACGVIGI (SEQ ID NO:2).
4. The isolated antibody or binding fragment thereof according to claim 1 , wherein the antibody is a monoclonal antibody.
5. The isolated antibody or binding fragment thereof according to claim 1 , wherein the antibody or binding fragment is labeled with a detectable marker.
6. An isolated antibody or binding fragment thereof that binds to an epitope selected from ACGVIGI (SEQ ID NO:1), and/or RLACGVIGI (SEQ ID NO:2).
7. The isolated antibody or binding fragment thereof according to claim 6 , wherein the antibody is a monoclonal antibody.
8. The antibody or binding fragment according to claim 6 , wherein the antibody or binding fragment is labeled with a detectable marker.
9. A kit for detecting or monitoring amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, comprising the isolated antibody or binding fragment thereof according to claim 1 and instructions for use thereof.
10. A kit for detecting or monitoring amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, comprising the isolated antibody or binding fragment thereof according to claim 6 and instructions for use thereof.
11. A method of making an antibody that binds to misfolded or monomeric SOD1 comprising the following steps:
a) immunizing a host with:
i) an immunogen comprising an isolated SOD1 fragment wherein the isolated SOD1 fragment comprises the sequence ACGVIGI (SEQ ID NO:1);
ii) an immunogen comprising an isolated SOD1 fragment wherein the isolated SOD1 fragment consists of the sequence RLACGVIGI (SEQ ID NO: 2); and/or
iii) the immunogen of (ii) comprising the sequence GGRLACGVIGIGGKG (SEQ ID NO:3);
b) isolating from said host an antibody that binds misfolded or monomeric SOD1.
12. A method of detecting or monitoring amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a subject having or suspected of having amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, comprising contacting a sample from the subject with an antibody or binding fragment thereof according to claim 1 , wherein amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is indicated, if the binding protein binds to a misfolded or monomeric SOD1 in the sample.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the sample comprises cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, blood serum, whole blood, spinal cord tissue, brain cells, motor neurons, a portion of the dorsal horn and/or peripheral blood cells.
14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the peripheral blood cells are erythrocytes, mononuclear cells, lymphocytes, monocytes and/or granulocytes.
15. The method of claim 13 wherein the sample comprises a mitochondrial and/or microsomal enriched fraction of cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, blood serum, whole blood, spinal cord tissue, brain cells, motor neurons a portion of the dorsal horn and/or peripheral blood cells.
16. The method according to claim 12 , wherein flow cytometry, Western blot, ELISA, or immunoprecipitation followed by SDS-PAGE immunocytochemistry is used to detect binding of the antibody or binding fragment thereof to misfolded or monomeric SOD1.
17. A method of detecting or monitoring amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a subject having or suspected of having amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, comprising contacting a sample from the subject with an antibody or binding fragment thereof according to claim 6 , wherein amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is indicated, if the antibody or binding fragment thereof binds to a misfolded or monomeric SOD1 in the sample.
18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the sample comprises cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, blood serum, whole blood, spinal cord tissue, brain cells, motor neurons, a portion of the dorsal horn and/or peripheral blood cells.
19. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the peripheral blood cells are erythrocytes, mononuclear cells, lymphocytes, monocytes and/or granulocytes.
20. The method of claim 17 wherein the sample comprises a mitochondrial and/or microsomal enriched fraction of cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, blood serum, whole, blood, spinal cord tissue, brain cells; motor neurons, a portion of the dorsal horn and/or peripheral blood cells.
21. The method according to claim 17 , wherein flow cytometry, Western blot; ELISA, or immunoprecipitation followed by SDS-PAGE immunocytochemistry is used to detect binding of the antibody or binding fragment thereof to misfolded or monomeric SOD1.