Three-phase solid bowl screw centrifuge and method of controlling the separating process
A three-phase solid bowl screw centrifuge includes a rotatable drum, a screw arranged in the drum, a solid material discharge located at the fist axial end of the drum, and two liquid outlets are located at a second axial end of the drum. A first of the liquid is for a lighter liquid phase and a second of the liquid outlets is for a heavier liquid phase. One of the liquid outlets includes a skimmer disk arranged in a skimmer chamber and the other of the liquid outlets is formed as an overflow. Two regulating disks are located in the front of the skimmer disk. The regulating disks extend radially from an outside of the drum toward an inside of the drum. A siphon disk extends between the regulating disks and into the skimmer chamber from a interior circumference of the skimmer chamber to an exterior circumference of the skimmer chamber. An annular chamber is formed during an operation and is located between the siphon disk and the skimmer disk.
1. A three-phase solid bowl screw centrifuge comprising:
a rotatable drum;
a screw arranged in the drum;
a solid material discharge located at a first axial end of the drum;
two liquid outlets located at a second axial end of the drum, a first of the liquid outlets being for a lighter liquid phase and a second of the liquid outlets being for a heavier liquid phase;
one of the liquid outlets including a skimmer disk arranged in a skimmer chamber and the other of the liquid outlets formed as an overflow;
two regulating disks located in front of the skimmer disk and which disks extend radially from an outside of the drum toward an inside of the drum;
a siphon disk extends radially outwardly from an interior circumference of the skimmer chamber to an exterior circumference of the skimmer chamber, the siphon disk extending between the regulating disks and into the skimmer chamber, the skimmer chamber opening radially inwardly toward the inside of the drum;
an annular chamber is formed during an operation and is located between the siphon disk and the skimmer disk, the siphon and skimmer disks acting as axial boundaries for an axial area, and the annular chamber is further located between an inside radius of the lighter liquid phase in the drum and an inner wall of the skimmer chamber in the axial area; and
a fluid feed pipe leading into the annular chamber to change a pressure on the annular chamber and to change at least one of a separation zone between the lighter and heavier phases and a pool depth in the drum.
2. Three-phase solid bowl screw centrifuge according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second liquid outlets are axial openings in a drum lid, and a separating-plate-type separating weir is assigned to one of the first and axial second openings.
3. Three-phase solid bowl screw centrifuge according to claim 2 , wherein one or more of the openings is constructed as a chamber, or a pocket hole closed at one axial end.
4. Three-phase solid bowl screw centrifuge according to claim 2 , wherein the separating weir is situated such that the heavier liquid phase is guided by way of the separating weir into at least one discharge space in which at least one discharge pipe penetrating the drum shell is inserted as the overflow.
5. Three-phase solid bowl screw centrifuge according to claim 2 , wherein an arrangement of the separating weir is such that the lighter liquid phase is guided to the skimmer disk during the operation.
6. Three-phase solid bowl screw centrifuge according to claim 2 , wherein an arrangement of the separating weir is such that the lighter liquid phase is guided into the discharge space, in which a discharge pipe penetrating the drum shell is inserted as the overflow.
7. Three-phase solid bowl screw centrifuge according to claim 2 , wherein an arrangement of the separating weir is such that the heavier liquid phase is guided to the skimmer disk during the operation.
8. Three-phase solid bowl screw centrifuge according to claim 1 , wherein the skimmer chamber axially adjoins a drum interior, and an inside diameter of the skimmer chamber is smaller than the inside diameter of the drum in a cylindrical area of the drum, and the two regulating disks and the siphon disk are disposed in front of the skimmer disk in the skimmer chamber.
9. Three-phase solid bowl screw centrifuge according to claim 1 , further including at least two first liquid outlets and two second liquid outlets, each of the outlets formed as axial openings and arranged in a drum lid in a circular fashion and distributed along a circumference, of the drum lid, and a separating weir is assigned to each second opening.
10. The centrifuge of claim 1 , wherein the two regulating disks have identical inside diameters.
11. The centrifuge of claim 1 , wherein the skimmer chamber axially adjoins a drum interior and an inside diameter of the skimmer chamber is equal to the inside diameter of the drum in a cylindrical area of the drum, and in the two regulating disks and the siphon disk are disposed in front of the skimmer disk in the skimmer chamber.
12. A method of operating a three-phase solid bowl centrifuge, the method steps comprising:
providing a three-phase solid bowl centrifuge including
a rotatable drum;
a screw arranged in the drum;
a solid material discharge for a solid phase located at a first axial end of the drum;
two liquid outlets located at a second axial end of the drum, a first of the liquid outlets being for a lighter liquid phase and a second of the liquid outlets being for a heavier liquid phase;
one of the liquid outlets including a skimmer disk arranged in a skimmer chamber and the other of the liquid outlets formed as an overflow;
two regulating disks located in front of the skimmer disk and which disks extend radially from an outside of the drum toward an inside of the drum;
a siphon disk extends radially outwardly from an interior circumference of the skimmer chamber to an exterior circumference of the skimmer chamber, the siphon disk extending between the regulating disks and into the skimmer chamber, the skimmer chamber opening radially inwardly toward the inside of the drum;
an annular chamber is formed during in operation and is located between the siphon disk and the skimmer disk, the siphon disk and skimmer disks acting as axial boundaries for an axial area, and the annular chamber is further located between an inside radius of the lighter liquid phase in the axial area and an inner wall of the skimmer chamber in the axial area;
a fluid feed pipe leading into the annular chamber to change a pressure on the annular chamber and to change at least one of a separation zone between the lighter and heavier phases and a pool depth in the drum;
operating the centrifuge in a separating operation; and
controlling the separating operation by changing a pressure in the annular chamber or by changing the rotational speed of the drum.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the controlling of the separating operation is by changing the rotational speed of the drum.
14. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the controlling of the separating operation in the drum is a function of the concentration distribution in at least one of the phases.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the separating operation includes an emulsion which is formed when obtaining hydrometals.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the hydrometals include cobalt, metal and copper.