High pressure mass spectrometry systems and methods
Mass spectrometers and methods for measuring information about samples using mass spectrometry are disclosed.
1. A mass spectrometer, comprising:
an ion source;
an ion trap;
an ion detector;
a gas pressure regulation system comprising a single mechanical pump; and
a controller connected to the ion source, the ion trap, and the ion detector,
wherein during operation of the mass spectrometer:
the gas pressure regulation system is configured to maintain a gas pressure of between 100 mTorr and 100 Torr in at least two of the ion source, the ion trap, and the ion detector; and
the controller is configured to activate the ion detector to detect ions generated by the ion source according to a mass-to-charge ratio of the ions; and
wherein the single mechanical pump operates at a frequency of less than 6000 cycles per minute to maintain the gas pressure.
2. The mass spectrometer of claim 1 , wherein during operation, the gas pressure regulation system is configured to maintain a gas pressure of between 100 mTorr and 100 Torr in the ion trap and the ion detector.
3. The mass spectrometer of claim 1 , wherein during operation, the gas pressure regulation system is configured to maintain a gas pressure of between 100 mTorr and 100 Torr in the ion source and the ion trap.
4. The mass spectrometer of claim 1 , wherein during operation, the gas pressure regulation system is configured to maintain a gas pressure of between 100 mTorr and 100 Torr in the ion source, the ion trap, and the ion detector.
5. The mass spectrometer of claim 1 , wherein the mechanical pump is a scroll pump.
6. The mass spectrometer of claim 1 , wherein during operation, the gas pressure regulation system is configured to maintain gas pressures in at least two of the ion source, the ion trap, and the ion detector that differ by an amount less than 10 Torr.
7. The mass spectrometer of claim 6 , wherein during operation, the gas pressure regulation system is configured to maintain gas pressures in the ion source, the ion trap, and the ion detector that differ by an amount less than 10 Torr.
8. The mass spectrometer of claim 1 , wherein during operation, the gas pressure regulation system is configured to maintain the same gas pressure in at least two of the ion source, the ion trap, and the ion detector.
9. The mass spectrometer of claim 1 , further comprising:
a gas path, wherein the ion source, the ion trap, the ion detector, and the gas pressure regulation system are connected to the gas path; and
a gas inlet connected to the gas path and configured so that, during operation of the mass spectrometer:
gas particles to be analyzed are introduced into the gas path through the gas inlet; and
a total gas pressure in the gas path is between 100 mTorr and 100 Torr.
10. The mass spectrometer of claim 9 , wherein the gas inlet is configured so that during operation of the mass spectrometer, a mixture of gas particles comprising the gas particles to be analyzed and atmospheric gas particles are drawn into the gas inlet, and wherein the mixture of gas particles is not filtered to remove atmospheric gas particles before being introduced into the gas path.
11. The mass spectrometer of claim 1 , further comprising:
a gas path, wherein the ion source, the ion trap, the ion detector, and the gas pressure regulation system are connected to the gas path;
a sample gas inlet connected to the gas path; and
a buffer gas inlet connected to the gas path,
wherein the sample gas inlet and the buffer gas inlet are configured so that during operation of the mass spectrometer:
gas particles to be analyzed are introduced into the gas path through the sample gas inlet;
buffer gas particles are introduced into the gas path through the buffer gas inlet; and
a combined pressure of the gas particles to be analyzed and the buffer gas particles in the gas path is between 100 mTorr and 100 Torr.
12. The mass spectrometer of claim 11 , wherein the buffer gas particles comprise at least one of nitrogen molecules and noble gas molecules.
13. The mass spectrometer of claim 1 , further comprising:
a pluggable module comprising the ion source, the ion trap, and a first plurality of electrodes connected to the ion source and the ion trap; and
a support base comprising a second plurality of electrodes configured to releasably engage the first plurality of electrodes, so that the pluggable module can be connected to and disconnected from the support base.
14. The mass spectrometer of claim 13 , further comprising an attachment mechanism configured to secure the pluggable module to the support base when the first plurality of electrodes is engaged with the second plurality of electrodes.
15. The mass spectrometer of claim 13 , wherein the first plurality of electrodes comprises pins, and the second plurality of electrodes comprises sockets configured to receive the pins.
16. The mass spectrometer of claim 13 , wherein the pluggable module comprises the ion detector, and wherein the first plurality of electrodes are connected to the ion detector.
17. The mass spectrometer of claim 13 , wherein the pluggable module comprises the mechanical pump.
18. The mass spectrometer of claim 13 , further comprising a voltage source, wherein the voltage source and the controller are attached to the support base and connected to the second plurality of electrodes.
19. The mass spectrometer of claim 13 , wherein the support base comprises a printed circuit board.
20. The mass spectrometer of claim 13 , wherein the controller is connected to the ion source and the ion trap when the pluggable module is connected to the support base.
21. The mass spectrometer of claim 1 , wherein the single mechanical pump operates at a frequency of less than 4000 cycles per minute to maintain the gas pressure.
22. The mass spectrometer of claim 1 , wherein a maximum dimension of the mass spectrometer is less than 35 cm.
23. The mass spectrometer of claim 1 , wherein a total mass of the mass spectrometer is less than 4.5 kg.
24. A method, comprising:
using a single mechanical pump operating at a frequency of less than 6000 cycles per minute to maintain a gas pressure in at least two of an ion source, an ion trap, and an ion detector of a mass spectrometer; and
detecting ions generated by the ion source according to a mass-to-charge ratio of the ions,
wherein the gas pressure in the at least two of the ion source, the ion trap, and the ion detector is maintained between 100 mTorr and 100 Torr.
25. The method of claim 24 , wherein the gas pressure in the ion source and the ion trap is maintained between 100 mTorr and 100 Torr.
26. The method of claim 24 , wherein the gas pressure in the ion trap and the detector is maintained between 100 mTorr and 100 Torr.
27. The method of claim 24 , further comprising maintaining gas pressures in at least two of the ion source, the ion trap, and the ion detector that differ by an amount less than 10 Torr.
28. The method of claim 24 , further comprising maintaining the same gas pressure in the ion source, the ion trap, and the ion detector.
29. The method of claim 24 , further comprising introducing a mixture of gas particles into a gas path connecting the ion source, the ion trap, and the ion detector,
wherein:
the mixture of gas particles comprises gas particles to be analyzed and atmospheric gas particles; and
the mixture of gas particles is not filtered to remove atmospheric gas particles before being introduced into the gas path.
30. The method of claim 24 , further comprising operating the mechanical pump at a frequency of less than 4000 cycles per minute to control the gas pressure.