Solar collection apparatus and methods
A mirror or other reflecting surface is used for collecting and reflecting incident solar radiation. The mirror is supported for independent motion about a pair of axes. An accelerometer generates signals representative of an amount and direction of motion of the mirror about each of the axes. Motors or other drive mechanisms independently drive the mirror about each of the axes. A tracking device provides information about the current position of the Sun. A control is connected to the accelerometer, the motors and the tracking device for maintaining a predetermined optimum orientation of the mirror as the Sun moves across the sky.
1. A solar tracking apparatus, comprising:
means for collecting and reflecting incident solar radiation;
means for supporting the solar radiation collecting and reflecting means for independent motion about a pair of non-vertical axes;
accelerometer means for generating signals representative of an amount and direction of motion of the solar radiation collecting and reflecting means about each of the non-vertical axes;
motor means for independently driving the solar radiation collecting and reflecting means about each of the non-vertical axes;
tracking means for providing information about the current position of the Sun; and
control means connected to the accelerometer means, the motor means and the tracking means for maintaining a predetermined optimum orientation of the solar radiation collecting and reflecting means as the Sun moves across the sky.
2. The solar tracking apparatus of claim 1 wherein the solar radiation collecting and reflecting means is configured for concentrating incident solar radiation.
3. The solar tracking apparatus of claim 1 wherein the accelerometer means is mounted on the solar radiation collecting and reflecting means.
4. The solar tracking apparatus of claim 1 wherein the support means includes a pair of pivot mechanisms.
5. The solar tracking apparatus of claim 1 wherein the accelerometer means includes a MEMS accelerometer device.
6. The solar tracking apparatus of claim 1 wherein the motor means includes first and second electric motors and first and second drive linkages for coupling the electric motors, respectively, to the support means.
7. The solar tracking apparatus of claim 1 wherein the solar radiation collecting and reflecting means is supported so that both axes are substantially in the same horizontal plane when the solar radiation collecting and reflecting means is in a horizontal orientation.
8. The solar tracking apparatus of claim 7 wherein the solar radiation collecting and reflecting means is a mirror with a planar configuration.
9. The solar tracking apparatus of claim 7 wherein the solar radiation collecting and reflecting means is a mirror with a parabolic dish configuration.
10. The solar tracking apparatus of claim 7 wherein the solar radiation collecting and reflecting means is a mirror with a parabolic trough configuration.
11. The solar tracking apparatus of claim 1 wherein the Sun is tracked in both azimuth and elevation components with neither component separately derived.
12. The solar tracking apparatus of claim 1 wherein the control means includes a control node for comparing a position of the solar radiation collecting and reflecting means to a current position of the Sun and adjusting, responsive to the comparing, the current position of the solar radiation collecting and reflecting means.
13. The solar tracking apparatus of claim 4 wherein the pivot mechanisms are configured and arranged so that throughout a useful range of tracking tilts the accelerometer means is not rotated in an unknown fashion about a vertical axis.
14. The solar tracking apparatus of claim 1 wherein the solar radiation collecting and reflecting means comprises a mirror, the apparatus further including a first tension wire having opposition ends connected to a first pair of opposition locations on the mirror and a second tension wire having opposition ends connected to a second pair of opposition locations on the mirror, wherein the mirror is moved by driving the first and second tension wires.
15. The solar tracking apparatus of claim 1 wherein the accelerometer means is coupled to the solar radiation collecting and reflecting means through a mechanical or optical linkage.
16. A solar tracking apparatus, comprising:
a solar reflector for collecting and reflecting solar energy;
a control node;
a pair of motors coupled to the control node;
supporting apparatus coupled to the motors for independently moving the solar reflector about a pair non-vertical axes in response to control signals provided to the motors from the control node;
an accelerometer having an output coupled to the control node for providing multi-axis information associated with a position or motion of the supporting apparatus about the each of the non-vertical axes;
an electronic module for providing data associated with a current position of the Sun to the control node;
wherein the control node receives the data associated with the current position of the Sun and the accelerometer output, and provides the control signals, wherein the control signals are based in part on the accelerometer output and the data associated with the current position of the sun, to the motors to maintain a predetermined optimum orientation of the solar reflector as the Sun moves across the sky.
17. The solar tracking apparatus of claim 16 wherein the electronics module for providing data associated with a current position of the Sun comprises a GPS module.
18. The solar tracking apparatus of claim 16 wherein the control node calculates the position of the Sun based at least in part on the data provided from the electronics module and adjusts the reflector based at least in part on the accelerometer output to toe optimum orientation.