Composite laminate composition
A multi-layer composite laminate composition having a substrate layer and an overlay layer that are both bonded to at least one adjacent layer in a multi-layer composite laminate composition; the substrate layer being a thermoformable material having a material formulation that includes a polycarbonate homopolymer or copolymer; the overlay layer being a thermoformable material having a material formulation that includes an ingrediant selected from the group consisting of PVC, PVC alloy, acrylic, polyurethane, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and combinations thereof.
1. A multi-layer composite laminate composition comprising:
a substrate layer and an overlay layer that are both bonded to at least one adjacent layer in a multi-layer composite laminate composition;
the substrate layer being a thermoformable material having a material formulation that includes a polycarbonate homopolymer or copolymer;
the overlay layer being a thermoformable material having a material formulation that includes an ingredient selected from the group consisting of PVC, PVC alloy, acrylic, polyurethane, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and combinations thereof;
the multi-layer composite laminate composition having the following performance characteristics;
flammability: the composite laminate being compliant with FAR 25-853(a)(1)(i)60-second vertical burn, wherein 60-second vertical burn average burn length does not exceed 6 inches, average after flame time does not exceed 15 seconds and average after flame drip time does not exceed 3 seconds;
flammability: the composite laminate being compliant with FARQ25-853(a)(1)(ii) of 12-second vertical burn, wherein 12-second vertical burn average burn length does not exceed 8 inches, average after flame time does not exceed 15 seconds and average after-flame drip time does not exceed 5 seconds;
specific optical smoke density: using an NBS smoke chamber, the average peak smoke density within 4-minute is equal to or less than 200 as regulated by FAR 25-853(d);
specific optical smoke density: using an NBS smoke chamber, the average peak composite-material smoke density within 4-minute is equal to or less than 150 as regulated by airbus ABD0031/ATS1000;
toxicity of burning gas: composite-material smoke extracted from NBS smoke chamber and measured by Draeger tube has an average concentration (in parts per million, ppm) of the following gas components: HF<100 ppm, HCI<150 ppm, HCN<150 ppm, SO2/H2S<100 ppm, NO/NO2<100 ppm, and CO<1000 ppm;
heat release and heat release rate: as measured by OSU heat release tester, the total 2-minute heat release and heat release rate does not exceed 65KW-min/m2 and 65 KW/m2, respectively regulated by FAR 25-853(d);
wherein the number of layers within the composition is two, the first layer being a substrate layer having a material formulation that includes a polycarbonate-polyester; and the second layer being an overlay layer having a material formulation that includes an ingredient selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride alloy, acrylic, polyurethane, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and combinations thereof; and
wherein the substrate layer has a material formulation comprising poly(oxycarbonyloxy-1,4-phenylene-isopropylidine) polycarbonate.
2. A multi-layer composite laminate composition comprising:
a substrate layer and an overlay layer that are both bonded to at least one adjacent layer in a multi-layer composite laminate composition:
the substrate layer being a thermoformable material having a material formulation that includes a polycarbonate homopolymer or copolymer;
the overlay layer being a thermoformable material having a material formulation that includes an ingredient selected from the group consisting of PVC, PVC alloy, acrylic, polyurethane, acrvlonitrile butadiene styrene, and combinations thereof:
the multi-layer composite laminate composition having the following performance characteristics;
flammability: the composite laminate being compliant with FAR 25-853(a)(1)(i)60-second vertical burn, wherein 60-second vertical burn average burn length does not exceed 6inches, average after flame time does not exceed 15 seconds and average after flame drip time does not exceed 3 seconds;
flammability: the composite laminate being compliant with FARQ025-853(a)(1)(ii) of 12-second vertical burn, wherein 12-second vertical burn average burn length does not exceed 8inches, average after flame time does not exceed 15 seconds and average after-flame drip time does not exceed 5 seconds;
specific optical smoke density: using an NBS smoke chamber, the average peak smoke density within 4-minute is equal to or less than 200 as regulated by FAR 25-853(d);
specific optical smoke density: using an NBS smoke chamber, the average peak composite-material smoke density within 4-minute is equal to or less than 150 as regulated by airbus ABD0031/ATS1000;
toxicity of burning gas: composite-material smoke extracted from NBS smoke chamber and measured by Draeger tube has an average concentration (in parts per million, ppm) of the following gas components: HF<100 ppm, HCI<150 ppm, HCN<150 ppm, SO2/H2S<100 ppm, NO/NO2<100 ppm, and CO<1000 ppm;
heat release and heat release rate: as measured by OSU heat release tester, the total 2-minute heat release and heat release rate does not exceed 65 KW-min/m2 and 65 KW/m2, respectively regulated by FAR 25-853(d);
wherein the number of layers within the composition is three, the first layer being a substrate layer having a material formulation that includes a polycarbonate-polyester: the second layer being an adhesive layer having a material formulation that includes an ingredient selected from the group consisting of acrylic adhesives, polyurethane adhesives, and combinations thereof: and the third layer being an overlay layer having a material formulation that includes an ingredient selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride alloy, acrylic, polyurethane, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and combinations thereof: and
wherein the substrate layer has a material formulation comprising poly(oxycarbonyloxy-1,4-phenylene-isopropylidine) polycarbonate.
3. A multi-layer composite laminate composition comprising:
a substrate layer and an overlay layer that are both bonded to at least one adjacent layer in a multi-layer composite laminate composition;
the substrate layer being a thermoformable material having a material formulation that includes a polycarbonate homopolymer or copolymer;
the overlay layer being a thermoformable material having a material formulation that includes an ingredient selected from the group consisting of PVC, PVC alloy, acrylic, polyurethane, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and combinations thereof;
the multi-layer composite laminate composition having the following performance characteristics;
flammability: the composite laminate being compliant with FAR 25-853(a)(1)(i)60-second vertical burn, wherein 60-second vertical burn average burn length does not exceed 6 inches, average after flame time does not exceed 15 seconds and average after flame drip time does not exceed 3 seconds;
flammability: the composite laminate being compliant with FARQ25-853(a)(1)(ii) of 12-second vertical burn, wherein 12-second vertical burn average burn length does not exceed 8inches, average after flame time does not exceed 15 seconds and average after-flame drip time does not exceed 5 seconds;
specific optical smoke density: using an NBS smoke chamber, the average peak smoke density within 4-minute is equal to or less than 200 as regulated by FAR 25-853(d);
specific optical smoke density: using an NBS smoke chamber, the average peak composite-material smoke density within 4-minute is equal to or less than 150 as regulated by airbus ABD0031/ATS1000;
toxicity of burning gas: composite-material smoke extracted from NBS smoke chamber and measured by Dragger tube has an average concentration (in parts per million, ppm) of the following gas components: HF<100 ppm, HCI<150 ppm, HCN<150 ppm, SO2/H2S<100 ppm, NO/NO2<100 ppm, and CO<1000 ppm;
heat release and heat release rate; as measured by OSU heat release tester, the total 2-minute heat release and heat release rate does not exceed 65 KW-min/m2 and 65 KW/m2, respectively regulated by FAR 25-853(d);
wherein the number of layers within the composition is three, the first layer being a substrate layer having a material formulation that includes a polycarbonate-polyester; the second layer being an overlay layer having a material formulation that includes an ingredient selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride alloy, acrylic, polyurethane, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and combinations thereof, and the third layer being a protective layer having a material formulation that includes an ingredient selected from the group consisting of acrylic, polyvinyl fluoride, or a combination thereof; and
wherein the substrate layer has a material formulation comprising poly(oxycarbonyloxy-1,4-phenylene-isopropylidine) polycarbonate.
4. A multi-layer composite laminate composition comprising:
a substrate layer and an overlay layer that are both bonded to at least one adjacent layer in a multi-layer composite laminate composition;
the substrate layer being a thermoformable material having a material formulation that includes a polycarbonate homopolymer or copolymer;
the overlay layer being a thermoformable material having a material formulation that includes an ingredient selected from the group consisting of PVC, PVC alloy, acrylic, polyurethane, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and combinations thereof;
the multi-layer composite laminate composition having the following performance characteristics;
flammability: the composite laminate being compliant with FAR 25-853(a)(1)(i)60-second vertical burn, wherein 60-second vertical burn average burn length does not exceed 6 inches, average after flame time does not exceed 15 seconds and average after flame drip time does not exceed 3 seconds;
flammability: the composite laminate being compliant with FARQ25-853(a)(1)(ii) of 12-second vertical burn, wherein 12-second vertical burn average burn length does not exceed 8inches, average after flame time does not exceed 15 seconds and average after-flame drip time does not exceed 5 seconds;
specific optical smoke density: using an NBS smoke chamber, the average peak smoke density within 4-minute is equal to or less than 200 as regulated by FAR 25-853(d);
specific optical smoke density: using an NBS smoke chamber, the average peak composite-material smoke density within 4-minute is equal to or less than 150 as regulated by airbus ABD0031/ATS1000;
toxicity of burning gas: composite-material smoke extracted from NBS smoke chamber and measured by Draeger tube has an average concentration (in parts per million, ppm) of the following gas components: HF<100 ppm, HCI<150 ppm, HCN<150 ppm, SO2/H2S<100 ppm, NO/NO2<100 ppm, and CO<1000 ppm;
heat release and heat release rate: as measured by OSU heat release tester, the total 2-minute heat release and heat release rate does not exceed 65 KW-min/m2 and 65 KW/m2, respectively regulated by FAR 25-853(d);
wherein the number of layers within the composition is four, the first layer being a substrate layer having a material formulation that includes a polycarbonate-polyester; the second layer being an adhesive layer having a material formulation that includes an ingredient selected from the group consisting of acrylic adhesives, polyurethane adhesives, and combinations thereof; the third layer being an overlay layer having a material formulation that includes an ingredient selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride alloy, acrylic, polyurethane, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and combinations thereof; the fourth layer being a protective layer having a material formulation that includes an ingredient selected from the group consisting of acrylic, polyvinyl fluoride, or a combination thereof; and
wherein the substrate layer has a material formulation comprising poly(oxycarbonyloxy-1,4-phenylene-isopropylidine) polycarbonate.
5. A multi-layer composite laminate composition comprising:
a substrate layer and an overlay layer that are both bonded to at least one adjacent layer in a multi-layer composite laminate composition;
the substrate layer being a thermoformable material having a material formulation that includes a polycarbonate homopolymer or copolymer;
the overlay layer being a thermoformable material having a material formulation that includes an ingredient selected from the group consisting of PVC, PVC alloy acrylic, polyurethane, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and combinations thereof;
the multi-layer composite laminate composition having the following performance characteristics;
flammability: the composite laminate being compliant with FAR 25-853(a)(1)(i)60-second vertical burn, wherein 60-second vertical burn average burn length does not exceed 6 inches, average after flame time does not exceed 15 seconds and average after flame drip time does not exceed 3 seconds;
flammability: the composite laminate being compliant with FARQ25-853(a)(1)(ii) of 12-second vertical burn, wherein 12-second vertical burn average burn length does not exceed 8 inches, average after flame time does not exceed 15 seconds and average after-flame drip time does not exceed 5 seconds;
specific optical smoke density: using an NBS smoke chamber, the average peak smoke density within 4-minute is equal to or less than 200 as regulated by FAR 25-853(d);
specific optical smoke density: using an NBS smoke chamber, the average peak smoke composite-material smoke density within 4-minute is equal to or less than 150 as regulated by airbus ABD0031/ATS1000;
toxicity of burning gas: composite-material smoke extracted from NBS smoke chamber and measured by Draeger tube has an average concentration (in parts per million, ppm) of the following gas components: HF<100 ppm, HCI<150 ppm, HCN<150 ppm, SO2/H2S<100 ppm, NO/NO2<100 ppm, and CO<1000 ppm;
heat release and heat release rate: as measured by OSU heat release tester, the total 2-minute heat release and heat release rate does not exceed 65 KW-min/m2 and 65 KW/m2, respectively regulated by FAR 25-853(d);
wherein the number of layers within the composition is two, the first layer being a substrate layer having a material formulation that includes a polycarbonate-polyester; and the second layer being an overlay layer having a material formulation that includes an ingredient selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride alloy, acrylic, polyurethane, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and combinations thereof; and
wherein the substrate layer has a material formulation comprising poly(oxycarbonyloxy-1,4-phenylene-isopropylidine) polycarbonate and has a thickness ranging from about 0.5-6 mm; and the overlay layer has a thickness ranging from about 0.5-1.00 mm.
6. A multi-layer composite laminate composition comprising:
a substrate layer and an overlay layer that are both bonded to at least one adjacent layer in a multi-layer composite laminate composition;
the substrate layer being a thermoformable material having a material formulation that includes a polycarbonate homopolymer or copolymer;
the overlay layer being a thermoformable material having a material formulation that includes an ingredient selected from the group consisting of PVC, PVC alloy, acrylic, polyurethane, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and combinations thereof;
the multi-layer composite laminate composition having the following performance characteristics;
flammability: the composite laminate being compliant with FAR 25-853(a)(1)(i)60-second vertical burn, wherein 60-second vertical burn average burn length does not exceed 6inches, average after flame time does not exceed 15 seconds and average after flame drip time does not exceed 3 seconds;
flammability: the composite laminate being compliant with FARQ25-853(a)(1)(ii) of 12-second vertical burn, wherein 12-second vertical burn average burn length does not exceed 8inches, average after flame time does not exceed 15 seconds and average after-flame drip time does not exceed 5 seconds;
specific optical smoke density: using an NBS smoke chamber, the average peak smoke density within 4-minute is equal to or less than 200 as regulated by FAR 25-853(d);
specific optical smoke density: using an NBS smoke chamber, the average peak composite-material smoke density within 4-minute is equal to or less than 150 as regulated by airbus ABD0031/ATS1000;
toxicity of burning gas: composite-material smoke extracted from NBS smoke chamber and measured by Draeger tube has an average concentration (in parts per million, ppm) of the following gas components: HF<100 ppm, HCI<150 ppm, HCN<150 ppm, SO2/H2S<100 ppm, NO/NO2<100 ppm, and CO<1000 ppm;
heat release and heat release rate as measured by OSU heat release tester, the total 2-minute heat release and heat release rate does not exceed 65 KW-min/m2 and 65 KW/m2, respectively regulated by FAR 25-853(d);
wherein the number of layers within the composition is three, the first layer being a substrate layer having a material formulation that includes a polycarbonate-polyester; the second layer being an adhesive layer having a material formulation that includes an ingredient selected from the group consisting of acrylic adhesives, polyurethane adhesives, and combinations thereof; and the third layer being an overlay layer having a material formulation that includes an ingredient selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride alloy, acrylic, polyurethane, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and combinations thereof; and
wherein the substrate layer has a material formulation comprising poly(oxycarbonyloxy-1,4-phenylene-isopropylidine) polycarbonate and has a thickness ranging from about 0.5-6 mm; the adhesive layer has a thickness ranging from about 0.01 mm-0.2 mm; and the overlay layer has a thickness ranging from about 0.5-1.00 mm.
7. A multi-layer composite laminate composition comprising:
a substrate layer and an overlay layer that are both bonded to at least one adjacent layer in a multi-layer composite laminate composition;
the substrate layer being, a thermoformable material having a material formulation that includes a polycarbonate homopolymer or copolymer;
the overlay layer being a thermoformable material having a material formulation that includes an ingredient selected from the group consisting of PVC, PVC alloy, acrylic, polyurethane, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and combinations thereof;
the multi-layer composite laminate composition having the following performance characteristics;
flammability: the composite laminate being compliant with FAR 25-853(a)(1)(i)60-second vertical burn, wherein 60-second vertical burn average burn length does not exceed 6 inches, average after flame time does not exceed 15 seconds and average after flame drip time does not exceed 3 seconds;
flammability: the composite laminate being compliant with FARQ25-853(a)(1)(ii) of 12-second vertical burn, wherein 12-second vertical burn average burn length does not exceed 8 inches, average after flame time does not exceed 15 seconds and average after-flame drip time does not exceed 5 seconds;
specific optical smoke density: using an NBS smoke chamber, the average peak smoke density within 4-minute is equal to or less than 200 as regulated by FAR 25-853(d);
specific optical smoke density: using an NBS smoke chamber, the average peak composite-material smoke density within 4-minute is equal to or less than 150 as regulated by airbus ABD0031/ATS1000;
toxicity of burning gas: composite-material smoke extracted from NBS smoke chamber and measured by Draeger tube has an average concentration (in parts per million, ppm) of the following gas components: HF<100 ppm, HCI<150 ppm, HCN<150 ppm, SO2/H2S<100 ppm, NO/NO2<100 ppm, and CO<1000 ppm;
heat release and heat release rate: as measured by OSU heat release tester, the total 2-minute heat release and heat release rate does not exceed 65 KW-min/m2 and 65 KW/m2, respectively regulated by FAR 25-853(d);
wherein the number of layers within the composition is three, the first layer being a substrate layer having a material formulation that includes a polycarbonate-polyester: the second layer being an overlay layer having a material formulation that includes an ingredient selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride alloy, acrylic, polyurethane, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and combinations thereof, and the third layer being a protective layer having a material formulation that includes an ingredient selected from the group consisting of acrylic, polyvinyl fluoride, or a combination thereof; and
wherein the substrate layer has a material formulation comprising poly(oxycarbonyloxy-1,4-phenylene-isopropylidine) polycarbonate and has a thickness ranging from about 0.5-6 mm;
the overlay layer has a thickness ranging from about 0.5-1.00 mm; and the protective layer has a thickness ranging from about 0.05 to 1 mm.
8. A multi-layer composite laminate composition comprising:
a substrate layer and an overlay layer that are both bonded to at least one adjacent layer in a multi-layer composite laminate composition;
the substrate layer being a thermoformable material having a material formulation that includes a polycarbonate homopolymer or copolymer;
the overlay layer being a thermoformable material having a material formulation that includes an ingredient selected from the group consisting of PVC, PVC alloy, acrylic, polyurethane, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and combinations thereof;
the multi-layer composite laminate composition having the following performance characteristics;
flammability: the composite laminate being compliant with FAR 25-853(a)(1)(i)60-second vertical burn, wherein 60-second vertical burn average burn length does not exceed 6inches, average after flame time does not exceed 15 seconds and average after flame drip time does not exceed 3 seconds;
flammability: the composite laminate being compliant with FARQ025-853(a)(1)(ii) of 12-second vertical burn, wherein 12-second vertical burn average burn length does not exceed 8inches, average after flame time does not exceed 15 seconds and average after-flame drip time does not exceed 5 seconds;
specific optical smoke density: using an NBS smoke chamber, the average peak smoke density within 4-minute is equal to or less than 200 as regulated by FAR 25-853(d);
specific optical smoke density: using an NBS smoke chamber, the average peak composite-material smoke density within 4-minute is equal to or less than 150 as regulated by airbus ABD0031/ATS1000;
toxicity of burning gas: composite-material smoke extracted from NBS smoke chamber and measured by Draeger tube has an average concentration (in parts per million, ppm) of the following gas components: HF<100 ppm, HCI<150 ppm, HCN<150 ppm, SO2/H2S<100 ppm, NO/NO2<100 ppm, and CO<1000 ppm;
heat release and heat release rate; as measured by OSU heat release tester, the total 2-minute heat release and heat release rate does not exceed 65 KW-min/m2 and 65 KW/m2, respectively regulated by FAR 25-853(d);
wherein the number of layers within the composition is four, the first layer being a substrate layer having a material formulation that includes a polycarbonate-polyester; the second layer being an adhesive layer having a material formulation that includes an ingredient selected from the group consisting of acrylic adhesives, polyurethane adhesives, and combinations thereof; the third layer being an overlay layer having a material formulation that includes an ingredient selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride alloy, acrylic, polyurethane, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and combinations thereof; the fourth layer being a protective layer having a material formulation that includes an ingredient selected from the group consisting of acrylic, polyvinyl fluoride, or a combination thereof; and
wherein the substrate layer has a material formulation comprising poly(oxycarbonyloxy-1,4-phenylene-isopropylidine) polycarbonate and has a thickness ranging from about 0.5-6 mm;
the adhesive layer has a thickness ranging from about 0.01 mm-0.2 mm; and the overlay layer has a thickness ranging from about 0.5-1.00 mm; and the protective layer has a thickness ranging from about 0.05 to 1 mm.
9. A multi-layer composite laminate composition comprising:
a substrate layer and an overlay layer that are both bonded to at least one adjacent layer in a multi-layer composite laminate composition;
the substrate layer being a thermoformable material having a material formulation that includes poly(oxycarbonyloxy-1,4-phenylene-isopropylidine) polycarbonate;
the overlay layer being a thermoformable material having a material formulation that includes an ingredient selected from the group consisting of PVC, PVC alloy, acrylic, polyurethane, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and combinations thereof;
the multi-layer composite laminate composition having the following performance characteristics;
flammability: the composite laminate being compliant with FAR 25-853(a)(1)(i)60-second vertical burn, wherein 60-second vertical burn average burn length does not exceed 6inches, average after flame time does not exceed 15 seconds and average after flame drip time does not exceed 3 seconds;
flammability: the composite laminate being compliant with FAR 25-853(a)(1)(ii) of 12-second vertical burn, wherein 12-second vertical burn average burn length does not exceed 8inches, average after flame time does not exceed 15 seconds and average after-flame drip time does not exceed 5 seconds;
specific optical smoke density: using an NBS smoke chamber, the average peak smoke density within 4-minute is equal to or less than 200 as regulated by FAR 25-853(d);
specific optical smoke density: using an NBS smoke chamber, the average peak composite-material smoke density within 4-minute is equal to or less than 150 as regulated by airbus ABD0031/ATS1000;
toxicity of burning gas: composite-material smoke extracted from NBS smoke chamber and measured by Draeger tube has an average concentration (in parts per million, ppm) of the following gas components: HF<100 ppm, HCI<150 ppm, HCN<150 ppm, SO2/H2S<100 ppm, NO/NO2<100 ppm, and CO<1000 pppm;
heat release and heat release rate: as measured by OSU heat release tester, the total 2-minute heat release and heat release rate does not exceed 65 KW-min/m2and 65 KW/m2, respectively regulated by FAR 25-853(d).
10. A multi-layer composite laminate composition comprising:
a substrate layer and an overlay layer that are both bonded to at least one adjacent layer in a multi-layer composite laminate composition;
the substrate layer being a thermoformable material having a material formulation that includes poly(oxycarbonyloxy-1,4-phenylene-isopropylidine) polycarbonate, the substrate layer having a thickness ranging from about 0.5-6 mm;
the overlay layer being a thermoformable material having a material formulation that includes an ingredient selected from the group consisting of PVC, PVC alloy, acrylic, polyurethane, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and combinations thereof;
the overlay layer having a thickness ranging from about 0.5-1.00 mm;
the multi-layer composite laminate composition having the following performance characteristics:
flammability: the composite laminate being compliant with FAR 25-853(a)(1)(i)60-second vertical burn, wherein 60-second vertical burn average burn length does not exceed 6inches, average after flame time does not exceed 15 seconds and average after flame drip time does not exceed 3 seconds;
flammability: the composite laminate being compliant with FAR 25-853(a)(1)(ii) of 12-second vertical burn, wherein 12-second vertical burn average burn length does not exceed 8inches, average after flame time does not exceed 15 seconds and average after-flame drip time does not exceed 5 seconds;
specific optical smoke density: using an NBS smoke chamber, the average peak smoke density within 4-minute is equal to or less than 200 as regulated by FAR 25-853(d);
specific optical smoke density: using an NBS smoke chamber, the average peak composite-material smoke density within 4-minute is equal to or less than 150 as regulated by airbus ABD0031/ATS1000;
toxicity of burning gas: composite-material smoke extracted from NBS smoke chamber and measured by Draeger tube has an average concentration (in parts per million, ppm) of the following gas components: HF<100 ppm, HCl<150 ppm, HCN<150 ppm, SO2/H2S<100 ppm, NO/NO2<100 ppm, and CO<1000 ppm;
heat release and heat release rate: as measured by OSU heat release tester, the total 2-minute heat release and heat release rate does not exceed 65 KW-min/m2 and 65 KW/m2, respectively regulated by FAR 25-853(d).