Methods, device and installation for locating a defect in an electric link

1. A method for locating a defect in an electric link comprising:

transmitting, at a first moment, an electric signal having a predetermined propagation speed at a start from an end of the electric link;

detecting, at a second moment, reception of an echo of the electric signal;

establishing a model of variation of the electric signal and its echo propagation speed in the electric link as a function of a length of electric link through which the transmitted electric signal and its echo have flowed; and

estimating a location of the defect as a function of the difference between the first and second moments, on the predetermined propagation speed at the start, and on the speed variation model in the link,

wherein the model includes a plurality of propagation speeds of the transmitted electric signal and its echo, the plurality of propagation speeds corresponding to a plurality of lengths of the electric link through which the transmitted electric signal and its echo have flowed, and the plurality of lengths of the electric link including lengths of the electric link shorter than a total length of the electric link.

2. A method for locating a defect in an electric link according to claim 1 , further comprising defining, by of the model of the variation of the electric signal propagation speed in the electric link, a correspondence table between difference values between the first and second moments and assumed distances from the defect to a reference point of the electric link.

3. A method for locating a defect in an electric link according to claim 1 , wherein the model of the variation of the electric signal propagation speed in the electric link is a model with dielectric loss factor and with dielectric permittivity of an insulator of the link that are variable as a function of a frequency of the signal, and consequently of the length of electric link through which the signal has flowed, inducing a reduction in the signal propagation speed.

4. A method for locating a defect in an electric link according to claim 1 , wherein the reception, at the second moment, of the echo of the electric signal is determined when the amplitude of this echo attains a predetermined percentage, or a percentage of ten percent, of its maximal amplitude.

5. A device for locating a defect in an electric link, configured to be connected to one end of the electric link, comprising:

a signal generator for transmission, at a first moment, of an electric signal having a predetermined propagation speed at a start from an end of the electric link;

a signal receiver for detection, at a second moment, of reception of an echo of the electric signal;

means for storing data from a model of variation of the electric signal and its echo propagation speed in the electric link as a function of a length of electric link through which the transmitted electric signal and its echo have flowed; and

a computer configured to estimate a location of the defect by the stored data, as a function of the difference between the first and second moments, of the predetermined propagation speed at the start, and of the speed variation model in the link,

wherein the model includes a plurality of propagation speeds of the transmitted electric signal and its echo, the plurality of propagation speeds corresponding to a plurality of lengths of the electric link through which the transmitted electric signal and its echo have flowed, and the plurality of lengths of the electric link including lengths of the electric link shorter than a total length of the electric link.

6. An installation for locating a defect in an electric link, comprising:

an electric link having a defect and two locating devices according to claim 5 respectively connected to two different ends of the link.