Multifunctional nanocomposites of carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles formed via vacuum filtration
In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of forming a film of nanocomposites of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and platinum (Pt) nanoparticles. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of (a) providing a first solution that contains a plurality of CNTs, (b) providing a second solution that contains a plurality of Pt nanoparticles, (c) combining the first solution and the second solution to form a third solution, and (d) filtering the third solution through a nanoporous membrane using vacuum filtration to obtain a film of nanocomposites of CNTs and Pt nanoparticles.
1. A method, comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a first solution that contains a plurality of carbon nanotubes (CNTs);
(b) providing a second solution that contains a plurality of platinum (Pt) nanoparticles;
(c) combining the first solution and the second solution to form a third solution; and
(d) filtering the third solution through a nanoporous membrane using vacuum filtration to obtain a film of nanocomposites of CNTs and Pt nanoparticles,
wherein the step of providing the second solution comprises the steps of:
dispersing a first amount of potassium tetrachloroplatinate (K 2 PtCl 4 ) in 0.2% SDS to form a fourth solution; and
reducing the first amount of K 2 PtCl 4 in the fourth solution with a second amount of (dimethylamino)borane (DMAB) to form the plurality of Pt nanoparticles.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of rinsing the film of nanocomposites of CNTs and Pt nanoparticles after the filtering step.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the third solution is diluted with 0.5% sodium cholate prior to the filtering step.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanoporous membrane is a mixed cellulose ester (MCE) membrane.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the MCE membrane has a pore size of about 50 nm.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanoporous membrane is an anodized alumina membrane.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the anodized alumina membrane has a pore size of about 20 nm.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of CNTs comprises single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs).
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the SWNTs have (6,5) chirality and have a diameter of about 0.76 nm.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first solution comprises CNTs dispersed in 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS).
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fourth solution is aged for about one day prior to the reducing step.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of the first amount of K 2 PtCl 4 and the second amount of DMAB is about 1:100.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the reducing step comprises pipetting about five aliquots of DMAB every one minute into the fourth solution while stirring the fourth solution continuously at room temperature.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the film of nanocomposites of CNTs and Pt nanoparticles comprises Pt nanoparticles of about 4.8 nm diameter.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the film of nanocomposites of CNTs and Pt nanoparticles has a Pt concentration ranging from about 0.05 μmol to about 1 μmol.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the film of nanocomposites of CNTs and Pt nanoparticles has a Pt concentration of about 0.8 μmol and an inter-Pt-nanoparticle spacing that is less than about 50 nm.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the film of nanocomposites of CNTs and Pt nanoparticles has an average electrochemically active Pt surface area per gram of about 23.6 m 2 /g.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein about 42% of the Pt nanoparticle surface area in the film of nanocomposites of CNTs and Pt nanoparticles is electrochemically active.