Sulfone removal from an oxidized hydrocarbon fuel
A one-step process for desulfurizing an oxidized sulfone-containing fuel stream, such as a diesel stream, is disclosed where mass transfer and conversion of sulfone occurs simultaneously such that the sulfur atom in sulfone molecule is removed as sulfite to provide a low-sulfur diesel stream. The diesel stream for treatment is obtained as a result of the oxidation of a thiophene-rich diesel stream with an oxidant to provide a sulfone-containing diesel stream. The one-step process uses a single vessel having a shroud of vertical hanging fibers to affect the mass transfer of sulfones in diesel into contacting with an aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide where it is converted to sulfite and biphenyls. The sulfite-rich aqueous solution and low sulfur diesel are then separately removed from the vessel.
1. A single step process for treating sulfone containing hydrocarbons in a single vessel comprising contacting a sulfone containing hydrocarbon stream with an aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide inside a shroud of vertical hanging fibers at a temperature in the range of from 150° C. to 350° C., allowing the alkali metal hydroxide to react with the sulfones cleaving sulfur atoms from the sulfones to form a sulfite rich aqueous phase and a substantially sulfur free hydrocarbon phase, wherein the single vessel comprises a nickel alloy and where a stream of the substantially sulfur free hydrocarbon phase and a stream of sulfite rich aqueous solution are separately removed.
2. The process of claim 1 where the sulfones comprise dibenzothiophene sulfones and substituted dibenzothiophene sulfones.
3. The process of claim 1 where the aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide comprises from about 1% to about 50%, by weight potassium hydroxide.
4. The process of claim 1 where the aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide comprises from about 1% to about 50%, by weight sodium hydroxide.
5. The process of claim 1 where wherein the aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide is obtained from a recycled stream.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein the combining of the sulfone containing hydrocarbon with the aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide is carried out at a at a pressure of from about 15 atm to about 170 atm in a single vessel, a portion of which is constructed of a specialty metal comprising at least 60 wt. % nickel.
7. The process of claim 6 where the single vessel has a lower liquid collection section where substantially sulfur free hydrocarbons form an upper liquid phase and a sulfite containing aqueous solution forms a lower liquid phase.
8. The process of claim 7 where a portion of the upper phase is continuously removed from the collection section of the vessel and a portion of the lower liquid phase is separately removed from the collection section.
9. The process of claim 1 where the substantially sulfur free hydrocarbon comprises less than 10 ppm total sulfur.