Process for manufacturing prefluxed metal oxide from metal hydroxide and metal carbonate precursors
A method for producing prefluxed metal oxide from a metal salt selected from nickel hydroxide, cobalt hydroxide, mixed nickel-cobalt hydroxide, nickel carbonate, cobalt carbonate, mixed nickel-cobalt carbonate and combinations thereof includes providing a mixture of at least one slag making oxide and a metal salt selected from the group consisting of nickel hydroxide, cobalt hydroxide, mixed nickel-cobalt hydroxide, nickel carbonate, cobalt carbonate, mixed nickel-cobalt carbonate and combinations thereof, blending with a binder, blending in a flux additive to form a slag-making mixture, forming the slag-making mixture into prefluxed agglomerates, and calcining the prefluxed agglomerates to produce a prefluxed metal oxide. An agglomerate is provided which includes a metal salt selected from nickel hydroxide, cobalt hydroxide, mixed nickel-cobalt hydroxide, nickel carbonate, cobalt carbonate, mixed nickel-cobalt carbonate and combinations thereof, a slag making oxide, and a flux additive. An agglomerate is provide which includes a metal oxide selected from nickel oxide and cobalt oxide, and slag, wherein the metal oxide is encapsulated in the slag.
1. A method for making a prefluxed metal oxide comprising:
providing a slag-making oxide and a metal salt selected from the group consisting of nickel hydroxide, cobalt hydroxide, mixed nickel-cobalt hydroxide, nickel carbonate, cobalt carbonate, mixed nickel-cobalt carbonate and combinations thereof;
blending the metal salt with a binder;
blending in a flux additive to form a slag-making mixture;
forming the mixture into agglomerates;
drying the agglomerates; and
calcining the dried agglomerates to produce a prefluxed metal oxide selected from the group consisting of nickel oxide, cobalt oxide and combinations thereof;
wherein the slag-making oxide is selected from the group consisting of MgO, CaO and combinations thereof.
2. The method for making a prefluxed metal oxide according to claim 1 further comprising adding water to the slag-making mixture.
3. The method for making a prefluxed metal oxide according to claim 1 , wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of bentonite, lignin, guar gum, molasses, sugar, carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose, glycerol triacetate, polyethylene glycol, hydrolyzed starch, pregelatinized starch and combinations thereof.
4. The method for making a prefluxed metal oxide according to claim 1 , wherein the binder is present in an amount ranging from about 2% to about 10% by weight.
5. The method for making a prefluxed metal oxide according to claim 1 , wherein the flux additive is selected from the group consisting of a SiO 2 /CaO combination, a SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 combination, and combinations thereof.
6. The method for making a prefluxed metal oxide according to claim 1 , wherein the flux additive is proportional to the Mg, to the Ca, or to the combined Mg and Ca content of the slag mixture.
7. The method for making a prefluxed metal oxide according to claim 5 , wherein the ratio of the SiO 2 /CaO combination is about 1.9 to about 2.2 parts SiO 2 to about 1 part CaO.
8. The method for making a prefluxed metal oxide according to claim 5 , wherein the ratio of the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 combination is about 2 to about 2.5 parts SiO 2 to about 1 part Al 2 O 3 .
9. The method for making a prefluxed metal oxide according to claim 1 , wherein the agglomerates are dried at a temperature ranging from about 90 ° C. to about 110 ° C.
10. The method for making a prefluxed metal oxide according to claim 1 , wherein the agglomerates are calcined at a temperature ranging from about 1300 ° C. to about 1500 ° C.
11. The method for making a prefluxed metal oxide according to claim 1 , wherein the agglomerates are selected from the group consisting of pellets, briquettes, granules and extrudates.
12. The method of making a prefluxed metal oxide according to claim 1 , further comprising at least partially drying the metal salt prior to blending the metal salt with a binder.
13. The method of making a prefluxed metal oxide according to claim 1 , wherein the agglomerates are dried and calcined in one vessel.
14. A method for making a prefluxed metal oxide comprising:
providing a laterite leachate precipitate containing a metal salt selected from the group consisting of nickel hydroxide, cobalt hydroxide, mixed nickel-cobalt hydroxide, nickel carbonate, cobalt carbonate, mixed nickel-cobalt carbonate and combinations thereof;
blending the precipitate with a binder;
blending the precipitate with a flux additive to form a slag-making mixture with at least one slag-making oxide in the precipitate;
forming the mixture into agglomerates; and
calcining the agglomerates to produce a prefluxed metal oxide selected from the group consisting of nickel oxide, cobalt oxide and combinations thereof.
15. The method for making a prefluxed metal oxide according to claim 14 further comprising adding water to the slag-making mixture.
16. The method for making a prefluxed metal oxide according to claim 14 , wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of bentonite, lignin, guar gum, molasses, sugar, carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose, glycerol triacetate, polyethylene glycol, hydrolyzed starch, pregelatinized starch and combinations thereof.
17. The method for making a prefluxed metal oxide according to claim 14 , wherein the flux additive is selected from the group consisting of a SiO 2 /CaO combination, a SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 combination, and combinations thereof.
18. The method for making a prefluxed metal oxide according to claim 14 , wherein the slag-making oxide is selected from the group consisting of MgO, CaO and combinations thereof.
19. The method for making a prefluxed metal oxide according to claim 14 further comprising drying the agglomerates prior to calcining.
20. The method for making a prefluxed metal oxide according to claim 18 , wherein the flux additive is proportional to the Mg, to the Ca, or to the combined Mg and Ca content of the slag mixture.
21. The method for making a prefluxed metal oxide according to claim 14 , wherein the agglomerates are calcined at a temperature ranging from about 1300 ° C. to about 1500 ° C.
22. The method for making a prefluxed metal oxide according to claim 14 , wherein the agglomerates are selected from the group consisting of pellets, granules, briquettes and extrudates.
23. The method of making a prefluxed metal oxide according to claim 14 further comprising at least partially drying the metal salt prior to blending the metal salt with a binder.
24. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
providing the slag-making oxide generates slag; and
the prefluxed metal oxide is encapsulated in the slag.