Optical filtering matrix structure and associated image sensor

1. An optical filtering structure consisting of a set of at least two elementary optical filters (Red, Green, Blue) or (R, V, B), an elementary optical filter being centered on a central transmission frequency, wherein the elementary optical filter comprises a stack of n metal layers (m 1 , m 2 , m 3 ) and n substantially transparent layers (d 1 , d 2 , d 3 ) which alternate between a first metal layer (m 1 ) and an n th substantially transparent layer (d 3 ), each of the n metal layers (m 1 , m 2 , m 3 ) having a constant thickness and at least one substantially transparent layer having a variable thickness which sets the central transmission frequency of the elementary optical filter, n being an integer larger than or equal to 2.

2. The optical filtering structure according to claim 1 , wherein n=2 and wherein a single substantial transparent layer has a variable thickness, the substantially transparent layer which has the variable thickness being the substantially transparent layer located between the first metal layer (m 1 ) and a second metal layer (m 2 ).

3. The optical filtering structure according to claim 1 , wherein n=3 and wherein two substantially transparent layers have the variable thickness, a first substantially transparent layer which has the variable thickness being the substantially transparent layer located between the first metal layer (m 1 ) and a second metal layer (m 2 ) and the second substantially transparent layer which has the variable thickness being located between the second metal layer and a third metal layer (m 3 ), an overthickness resulting from a change in thickness of the first substantially transparent layer substantially stacked with an overthickness resulting from a change in thickness of the second substantially transparent layer.

4. The optical filtering structure according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the elementary optical filters (R, V, B) are arranged as a matrix.

5. The optical filtering structure according to claim 4 , wherein the matrix is a Bayer matrix for filtering the three colors, red, green and blue.

6. The optical filtering structure according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the metal layers are in silver (Ag).

7. The optical filtering structure according to any of the preceding claims, wherein a material which makes up the substantially transparent layers is selected from titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), indium-doped tin oxide (ITO), silica (SiO 2 ), silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ), hafnium oxide (HfO 2 ).

8. An optical sensor comprising an optical filtering structure and a photosensitive semiconducting substrate ( 1 ) on which is deposited the optical filtering structure, characterized in that the optical filtering structure is a structure according to any of claims 1 to 7 , the first metal layer (m 1 ) being deposited on a first face of the semiconducting substrate ( 1 ).

9. The optical sensor comprising an optical filtering structure and a photosensitive semiconducting substrate ( 1 ) on which is deposited the optical filtering structure, characterized in that the optical filtering structure is a structure according to any of claims 1 to 7 and in that it comprises a barrier layer (b), a first face of which is deposited on a first face of the semiconducting substrate ( 1 ) and a second face of which is in contact with the first metal layer (m 1 ).

10. The optical sensor according to claim 9 , wherein the barrier layer is made in a material identical with the material which makes up the substantially transparent layers of the optical filtering structure.

11. The optical sensor according to claim 9 or 10 , wherein the barrier layer (b) is partly or totally electrically conducting.

12. The optical sensor according to claim 11 , wherein the material of the barrier layer is indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) in an electrically conducting portion and silica (SiO 2 ) or silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) in a portions which are not electrically conducting.

13. The optical sensor according to any of claims 8 to 12 , wherein photosensitive areas (Zph) and electronic components (El) are formed on a first face of the photosensitive semiconductor.

14. The optical sensor according to any of claims 8 to 12 , wherein photosensitive areas (Zph) and electronic components (El) are formed on a second face of the photosensitive semiconductor ( 1 ), opposite to the first face of the photosensitive semiconductor.