Endogenous adjuvant molecules and uses thereof
Methods of modulating the immune response using pharmaceutical compositions containing crystalline adjuvants are described. In various embodiments the crystalline adjuvants are selected from the group consisting of monosodium urate (MSU), xanthine, basic calcium phosphate (BCP), calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD), hydroxyapatite, calcium oxalate, cholesterol, lipid liquid, other crystalline lipids, lithium heparin, talc, and starch.
1. A method of eliciting an antigen-specific immune response in a subject, comprising administering purified uric acid and an antigen in an amount sufficient to elicit said antigen-specific immune response.
2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the antigen is selected from the group consisting of one or more of a viral antigen, a tumor antigen, a bacterial antigen, a parasitic antigen, a pathogenic self protein, a protein, a peptide, a carbohydrate, a lipid, a nucleic acid, an inactivated virus and an inactivated bacteria.
3. A method of activating an antigen-presenting cell, comprising contacting said antigen-presenting cell with an effective amount of purified uric acid and an effective amount of an antigen, such that the antigen-presenting cell is activated.
4. A method of inducing in a subject at risk of exposure to a pathogen an increased non-specific resistance to the pathogen, comprising administering a purified uric acid in an amount sufficient to increase said non-specific resistance.
5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the antigen is a viral antigen.
6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the antigen is a tumor antigen.
7. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the antigen is a bacterial antigen.
8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the antigen is a parasitic antigen.
9. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the antigen is a pathogenic self protein.
10. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the antigen is selected from the group consisting of protein, peptide, carbohydrate, lipid, and nucleic acid.
11. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the antigen is inactivated virus or bacteria.
12. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the antigen comprises a peptide.
13. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the antigen comprises a mixture of peptides.
14. A method according to claim 13 , wherein the peptides comprise a mixture of peptide epitopes derived from the antigenic proteins of a pathogenic organism.
15. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the uric acid is present in an amount sufficient to precipitate in vivo.
16. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the uric acid is in the form of monosodium urate crystals.