System and method for managing cold load pickup using demand response
A system and method for simultaneously restoring power to loads in a distribution network that experienced an outage. The pickup load on the feeder in the distribution network is estimated and the load limit on the feeder is determined. The load on the feeder is divided into groups based on the load limit. A restoration load control process is determined, and power is restored to each of the groups simultaneously based on the power restoration control process.
1. A method, comprising:
estimating pickup load on a feeder in a distribution network;
determining a load limit on the feeder;
dividing load on the feeder into groups based upon the load limit of the feeder and based upon the estimated pickup load;
identifying a power restoration control process for restoring power to each of the groups; and
restoring power to each of the groups simultaneously based on the power restoration control process;
wherein identifying the power restoration control process comprises:
identifying pulse width modulation loads on the feeder operating using pulse width modulation;
controlling a saturation of the pulse width modulation loads; and
restoring power to the pulse width modulation loads using on/off modulation.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein identifying the power restoration control process comprises:
identifying a demand response restoration load control process;
identifying premises in each of the groups that participate in a demand response program;
identifying demand response loads; and
determining restoration load control parameters based on the premises and the demand response loads to restore power to non-demand response loads before restoring power to demand response loads at the premises in each of the groups.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the demand response loads comprises at least one of appliances, sensors, renewable energy resources, plug in electric vehicles, or plug in hybrid electric vehicles.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein restoring power comprises:
selectively controlling power to the demand response loads.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein selectively controlling power comprises:
supplying power to the demand response loads one group at a time.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein selectively controlling power comprises:
initiating control signals for at least one of voltage control or pulse width modulation.
7. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:
restoring power to the demand response loads a group at a time on the feeder.
8. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:
restoring power with a controlled ramp rate to all the demand response loads on the feeder.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein identifying the power restoration control process comprises:
identifying a voltage control restoration load control process;
determining a voltage control parameter corresponding to a reduced voltage for restoring power to the loads in each of the groups; and
applying the voltage control parameter for restoring power.
10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising:
determining when the feeder is within a predetermined range of steady state operations; and
increasing the voltage supplied to each of the groups to a rated voltage.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein at least some of the loads on the feeder are resistive loads.
12. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising computer-readable instructions of a computer program that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform a method, comprising:
estimating pickup load on a feeder in a distribution network;
determining a load limit on the feeder;
dividing load on the feeder into groups based upon the load limit of the feeder and based upon the estimated pickup load;
identifying a power restoration control process for restoring power to each of the groups; and
restoring power to each of the groups simultaneously based on the power restoration control process;
wherein identifying the power restoration control process comprises:
identifying pulse width modulation loads on the feeder operating using pulse width modulation;
controlling a saturation of the pulse width modulation loads; and
restoring power to the pulse width modulation loads using on/off modulation.
13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12 , wherein identifying the power restoration control process comprises:
identifying a demand response power restoration control process;
identifying premises in each of the groups that participate in a demand response program;
identifying demand response loads; and
determining restoration load control parameters based on the premises and the demand response loads to restore power to non-demand response loads before restoring power to demand response loads at the premises in each of the groups.
14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13 , wherein restoring power comprises:
selectively controlling power to the demand response loads.
15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14 , wherein selectively controlling power comprises:
supplying power to the demand response loads one group at a time.
16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14 , wherein selectively controlling power comprises:
restoring power with a controlled ramp rate to all the demand response loads on the feeder.
17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14 , wherein selectively controlling power comprises:
initiating control signals for at least one of voltage control or pulse width modulation.
18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12 , further comprising:
restoring power to the demand response loads a group at a time on the feeder.
19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12 , wherein identifying the power restoration control process comprises:
determining a voltage control parameter corresponding to a reduced voltage for restoring power to the loads each of the groups; and
applying the voltage control parameter for restoring power.
20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19 , further comprising:
determining when the feeder is within a predetermined range of steady state operations; and
increasing the voltage supplied to each of the groups to a rated voltage.
21. A system, comprising:
loads connected to a utility network; and
a power restoration module communicatively coupled to the loads and one or more utilities, wherein the power restoration module is configured to:
estimate pickup load on a feeder in a distribution network;
determine a load limit on the feeder,
divide load on the feeder into groups based upon the load limit of the feeder and based upon the estimated pickup load;
identify a power restoration control process for restoring power to each of the groups;
restore power to each of the groups simultaneously based on the power restoration control process;
wherein the power restoration module is further configured to:
identify pulse width modulation loads on the feeder operating using pulse width modulation;
control a saturation of the pulse width modulation loads; and
restore power to the pulse width modulation loads using on/off modulation.
22. The system of claim 21 , further comprising:
a database coupled to the power restoration module for storing power restoration programs.
23. The system of claim 21 , wherein the power restoration module is further configured to:
identify premises in each of the groups that participate in a demand response program;
identify demand response loads; and
determine restoration load control parameters based on the premises and the demand response loads to restore power to non-demand response loads before restoring power to demand response loads at the premises in each of the groups.
24. The system of claim 21 , wherein the power restoration module is further configured to:
determine a voltage control parameter corresponding to a reduced voltage for restoring power to the loads each of the groups; and
apply the voltage control parameter for restoring power.