Particulate nanoparticles and nanowires of silver and method for large scale producing the same
Disclosed is a method suitable for large-scale producing silver nanostructures including nanoparticles and nanowires with high crystallization and purity in a short period of time. In this method, silver particles with mean diameter less than 200 nm and silver nanowires with length in micrometers are produced through a microwave-assisted wet chemistry method. Tens to hundreds grams of silver nanoparticles and nanowires are obtained in minutes by microwave irradiation treatment to a precursor pre-made by highly concentrated silver salt solution and other additives. These silver nanoparticles and nanowires have good dispersibility and are ideal for forming conductive adhesives.
1. A silver nanowire-containing product solution made according to a method comprising the steps of:
(1) dissolving silver salts and a surfactant into a reducing agent to obtain a transparent solution, wherein (i) the silver salts have a concentration ranging from 0.05 g/ml to 0.10 g/ml in the transparent solution and (ii) a ratio of surfactant to silver salts based on weight concentration in the transparent solution is less than 1;
(2) adding soluble chloride to the transparent solution and stirring the transparent solution with the added soluble chloride to form a precursor suspension; and
(3) heating the precursor suspension with microwave irradiation to form the silver nanowire-containing product solution.
2. The silver nanowire-containing product solution according to claim 1 wherein soluble chloride is selected from the group consisting of potassium chloride (KCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 ), Calcium Chloride (CaCl 2 ), zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ), and sodium chloride (NaCl).
3. A method for producing silver nanowires comprising the steps of:
(1) dissolving silver salts and a surfactant into a reducing agent to obtain a transparent solution, wherein (i) the silver salts have a concentration ranging from 0.05 g/ml to 0.10 g/ml in the transparent solution and (ii) a ratio of surfactant to silver salts based on weight concentration in the transparent solution is less than 1;
(2) adding soluble chloride to the transparent solution and stirring the transparent solution with the added soluble chloride to form a precursor suspension;
(3) heating the precursor suspension with microwave irradiation to form a product solution containing silver products, wherein the silver products include silver nanowires; and
(4) washing the silver products with water or ethanol; and
(5) re-dispersing the silver products in ethanol or drying the silver products to obtain silver nanowires.
4. The method to claim 3 wherein soluble chloride is selected from the group consisting of potassium chloride (KCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 ), Calcium Chloride (CaCl 2 ), zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ), and sodium chloride (NaCl).
5. The silver nanowire-containing product solution according to claim 1 wherein the silver salt is silver nitrate or silver acetate.
6. The silver nanowire-containing product solution according to claim 1 wherein the surfactant is polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) having a polymerization degree that is K>30.
7. The silver nanowire-containing product solution according to claim 1 wherein the microwave irradiation is provided in a range of 240 W˜1200 W.
8. The method according to claim 3 wherein the silver salt is silver nitrate or silver acetate.
9. The method according to claim 3 wherein the surfactant is polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) having a polymerization degree that is K>30.
10. The method according to claim 3 wherein the microwave irradiation is provided in a range of 240 W˜1200 W.
11. The silver nanowire-containing product solution of claim 1 wherein a ratio of weight concentration of silver salts to soluble chloride in the transparent solution ranges from 50:1 to 166:1.
12. The silver nanowire-containing product solution of claim 11 , wherein the soluble chloride is sodium chloride (NaCl) or potassium chloride (KCl).
13. The method according to claim 3 wherein a ratio of weight concentration of silver salts to soluble chloride in the transparent solution ranges from 50:1 to 166:1.
14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the soluble chloride is sodium chloride (NaCl) or potassium chloride (KCl).
15. The silver nanowire-containing product solution of claim 1 wherein a molar concentration ratio of silver salts to soluble chloride in the transparent solution ranges from 17:1 to 57:1.
16. The method according to claim 3 wherein a molar concentration ratio of silver salts to soluble chloride in the transparent solution ranges from 17:1 to 57:1.
17. The silver nanowire-containing product solution of claim 1 further comprising:
(4) washing the silver nanowires contained in the silver nanowire-containing product solution with water or ethanol, and
(5) re-dispersing the silver nanowires in ethanol.