Converter and method for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy
The present invention relates to a converter comprising a pump which is driven directly or indirectly by a natural force such as a water swell, it being possible for a hydraulic machine to be driven by the pump. The hydraulic machine is force-coupled to an electrical machine which may function as a generator or a motor. According to the present invention, the force acting on the pump is regulated via a control loop as a function of oscillation parameters of the natural force.
1. A hydraulic/electrical converter comprising
a pump ( 4 ) which is driven by a natural force and is used to drive a hydraulic machine system ( 6 ) which is coupled to an electrical machine ( 10 ) in order to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy,
wherein a hydraulic machine ( 6 ) of the hydraulic machine system is adjustable, and
wherein a control loop ( 8 ) adjusts the hydraulic machine ( 6 ) by acting upon the pump ( 4 ) using a predetermined force (F) or a predetermined pressure, and
wherein the hydraulic machine system includes a second, torque controlled hydraulic machine ( 44 ) for driving the electrical machine ( 10 ).
2. The converter as recited in claim 1 , in which the pump is a piston pump comprising a double rod cylinder ( 4 ), the pressure chambers ( 24 , 26 ) of which are each connected via a pressure line ( 28 , 30 ) to ports of the hydraulic machine ( 6 ).
3. The converter as recited in claim 2 , in which a hydraulic accumulator ( 36 , 38 ) is provided in at least one of the pressure lines ( 28 , 30 ).
4. The converter as recited in claim 2 , comprising pressure sensors ( 37 , 39 ) for determining the pressure in the annular chambers ( 24 , 26 ) of the piston pump ( 4 ).
5. The converter as recited in claim 1 , in which the two hydraulic machines ( 6 , 44 ) is controlled separately.
6. The converter as recited in claim 5 , in which the second hydraulic machine ( 44 ) is controllable to a maximum intake capacity only after pressure medium flow to the first hydraulic machine ( 6 ) has ceased.
7. The converter as recited in claim 1 , in which the two hydraulic machines ( 6 , 44 ) is controlled synchronously.
8. The converter as recited claim 1 , in which a pressure accumulator ( 102 ) and a hydraulic rectifier ( 104 ) are assigned to the second hydraulic machine ( 44 ) on the high-pressure side.
9. The converter as recited in claim 1 , comprising a high-pressure protection ( 50 ) between the two pressure lines ( 28 , 30 ).
10. The converter as recited in claim 1 , in which a coupling ( 34 ) is installed in a connection train ( 32 ) between the hydraulic machine ( 6 , 44 ) and the electrical machine ( 10 ).
11. The converter as recited in claim 10 , in which a centrifugal mass ( 42 ) is provided in the connection train ( 32 ).
12. The converter as recited in claim 1 , in which at least one hydraulic machine ( 6 , 44 ) may be operated in four quadrant mode, or it may be moved through the neutral position.
13. The converter as recited in claim 1 , in which the electrical machine ( 10 ) revolves at an approximately constant speed.
14. The converter as recited in claim 1 , in which the natural force is a water swell that acts on a floating body ( 2 ), via which the pump ( 4 ) may be driven.
15. The converter as recited in claim 1 , in which the force (F) is adjusted such that a natural weight of the floating body ( 2 ) that acts in the lowering direction may be compensated for.
16. The converter as recited in claim 1 , in which the electrical machine ( 10 ) is an asynchronous machine.
17. A hydraulic/electrical converter comprising
a pump 4 which is driven by a natural force and may be used to drive a hydraulic machine system ( 6 ) which is coupled to an electrical machine 10 in order to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, wherein a hydraulic machine ( 6 ) of the hydraulic machine system is adjustable and wherein the pump ( 4 ) includes pressure chambers ( 24 , 26 ) that are connected via respective pressure lines ( 28 , 30 ) to ports of the hydraulic machine ( 6 ), and
a supply/flush unit ( 48 ) for connecting the pressure lines ( 28 , 30 ) to a tank (T) or a supply pump ( 52 );
wherein a control loop ( 8 ) is assigned to the pump ( 4 ), via which the hydraulic machine ( 6 ) is adjusted such that the pump ( 4 ) is acted upon using a predetermined force (F) or a predetermined pressure.
18. A method for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy using a converter ( 1 ) which includes a pump ( 4 ) driven by a natural force, and via which a hydraulic machine ( 6 , 44 ) which may be moved through the neutral position, the hydraulic machine ( 6 , 44 ) being coupled to an electrical machine ( 10 ), and to a force/pressure control of the pump, comprising the steps: adjusting a force (F) that acts on a piston ( 22 ) of the pump ( 4 ) by adjusting the hydraulic machine ( 6 , 44 ) as a function of a parameter of the natural force, and wherein the force is adjusted such that the piston ( 22 ) is braked in the region of the piston's dead centers.
19. The method as recited in claim 18 , in which the pump ( 4 ) comprises pressure chambers ( 24 , 26 ) and in which a closed-loop control is carried out as a function of the piston speed, the displacement, the pressure in the pressure chambers ( 24 , 26 ) of the piston pump ( 4 ), and/or an amplitude and frequency of the natural force.
20. The method as recited in claim 18 , in which the force is adjusted by adjusting a swivel angle (alpha) of the hydraulic machine ( 6 , 44 ).
21. The method as recited in claim 18 , in which the electrical machine ( 10 ) is driven by a further hydraulic machine ( 44 ), and the two hydraulic machines ( 6 , 44 ) are controlled synchronously.
22. The method as recited in claim 18 , in which the electrical machine ( 10 ) is driven by a further hydraulic machine ( 44 ), and the two hydraulic machines ( 6 , 44 ) are controlled separately.
23. The method as recited in claim 22 , in which a hydraulic machine ( 44 ) is force controlled, and the further hydraulic machine ( 44 ) is torque controlled.
24. The method as recited in claim 23 , in which a hydraulic accumulator ( 102 ) and a rectifier are assigned to the further hydraulic machine ( 44 ), and, when the hydraulic machine ( 6 ) is adjusted to maximum displacement, a system pressure, which also acts in the hydraulic accumulator ( 102 ), is adjusted via the swivel angle of the further hydraulic machine ( 44 ).
25. The method as recited in claim 22 , in which, given a low pressure medium flow, only one hydraulic machine ( 6 ) is adjusted initially, and only after a pressure medium flow approximately adjusts the only one hydraulic machine to maximum intake/displacement, is the second hydraulic machine ( 44 ) activated.
26. The method as recited in claim 18 , further comprising generating a control signals for activating the hydraulic machine ( 6 , 44 ) based on an output signal of a control loop ( 46 , 122 ) and a set value for activating the hydraulic machine ( 6 , 44 ).
27. The method as recited in claim 26 , in which the control signal resulting from the output signal and the pilot value is converted via non-linear adaptation into a control signal for adjusting a hydraulic machine ( 6 , 44 ).