Method for the production of a high-molecular polyazol
A process for preparing a polyazole with an inherent viscosity, measured in at least 96% sulfuric acid at 25° C., greater than 2.9 dl/g, comprising the steps of i) mixing one or more aromatic tetraamino compounds with one or more aromatic carboxylic acids or esters thereof which comprise at least two acid groups per carboxylic acid monomer, or mixing one or more aromatic and/or heteroaromatic diaminocarboxylic acids, in polyphosphoric acid to form a solution and/or dispersion ii) heating the mixture from step i) under inert gas to temperatures in the range from 120° C. to 350° C. to form the polyazole, wherein in step ii), a mixture having a concentration of polyphosphoric acid, calculated as P 2 O 5 (by acidimetric means), based on the total amount of H 3 PO 4 , polyphosphoric acid and water in the mixture, greater than 78.22%, is heated, the amounts of the components are selected in step i) such that the proportion by weight of the tetraamino compounds and of the aromatic carboxylic acids or esters thereof which comprise at least two acid groups per carboxylic acid monomer, or of the diaminocarboxylic acids of the mixture in step ii), based on the total weight of the mixture, is less than 11.0% by weight, the reaction mixture is heated in step ii) to greater than 220° C.
1. A process for preparing a polyazole with an inherent viscosity, measured in at least 96% sulfuric acid at 25° C., greater than 2.9 dl/g, comprising the steps of
i) mixing one or more aromatic tetramino compounds with one or more aromatic carboxylic acids or esters thereof which comprise at least two acid groups per carboxylic acid monomer, or mixing one or more aromatic and/or heteroaromatic diaminocarboxylic acids, in polyphosphoric acid to form a solution and/or dispersion
ii) heating the mixture from step i) under inert gas to temperatures in the range from 120° C. to 350° C. to form the polyazole,
which comprises
in step ii), heating a mixture having a concentration of polyphosphoric acid, calculated as P 2 O 5 (by acidimetric means), based on the total amount of H 3 PO 4 , polyphosphoric acid and water in the mixture, greater than 78.22%,
selecting the amounts of the components in step i) such that the proportion by weight of the tetramino compounds and of the aromatic carboxylic acids or esters thereof which comprise at least two acid groups per carboxylic acid monomer, or of the diaminocarboxylic acids of the mixture in step ii), based on the total weight of the mixture, is less than 7.0% by weight,
heating the reaction mixture in step ii) to greater than 220° C.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein, in step ii), a mixture having a concentration of polyphosphoric acid, calculated as P 2 O 5 (by acidimetric means), based on the total amount of H 3 PO 4 , polyphosphoric acid and water in the mixture, of less than 84.74% is heated.
3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein, in step ii), the concentration of the polyphosphoric acid in the mixture, calculated as P 2 O 5 (by acidimetric means), based on the total amount of H 3 PO 4 , polyphosphoric acid and water in the mixture, is reduced.
4. The process according to claim 3 , wherein, in step ii), a composition added in the form of a solution and/or dispersion comprises
at least one polyazole with an intrinsic viscosity, measured in at least 96% by weight sulfuric acid, in the range from 3.0 to 8.0 g/dl, and
orthophosphoric acid and/or polyphosphoric acid,
where
the polyazole content, based on the total weight of the composition, is in the range from 0.5% by weight to 30.0% by weight,
the H 3 PO 4 and/or polyphosphoric acid content, based on the total weight of the composition, is in the range from 30.0% by weight to 99.5% by weight,
the H 3 PO 4 and/or polyphosphoric acid concentration, calculated as P 2 O 5 (by acidimetric means), based on the total amount of H 3 PO 4 and/or polyphosphoric acid and/or water, is in the range from 70.5% to 75.45%.
5. The process according to claim 4 , wherein, in step ii), 0.1% by weight to 50.0% by weight of the composition is added, based on the total weight of the mixture from step i).
6. The process according to claim 4 , wherein orthophosphoric acid is added in step ii).
7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein, in step i), the tetraamino compound and the carboxylic acid compound are initially charged in a non-equimolar ratio.
8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein, in step i), monocarboxylic acids, monocarboxylic esters and/or monoamino compounds are further added.
9. The process according to claim 1 , which is part of a process for producing a proton-conducting polymer membrane based on polyazoles, comprising the steps of
A) mixing one or more aromatic tetramino compounds with one or more aromatic carboxylic acids or esters thereof which comprise at least two acid groups per carboxylic acid monomer, or mixing one or more aromatic and/or heteroaromatic diaminocarboxylic acids, in polyphosphoric acid to form a solution and/or dispersion
B) applying a layer using the mixture according to step A) on a carrier,
C) heating the flat structure/sheet obtainable according to step B) under inert gas to temperatures of up to 350° C.,
D) treating the membrane formed in step C) until it is self-supporting.
10. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the aromatic tetramino compound used is 3,3′,4,4′-tetraminobiphenyl, 2,3,5,6-tetraminopyridine, 1,2,4,5-tetraminobenzene, 3,3′,4,4′-tetraminodiphenyl sulfone, 3,3′,4,4′-tetraaminodiphenyl ether, 3,3′,4,4′-tetraminobenzophenone, 3,3′,4,4′-tetraaminodiphenylmethane or 3,3′,4,4′-tetraminodiphenyldimethylmethane.
11. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the aromatic dicarboxylic acid used is isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, phthalic acid, 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid, 4-hydroxyisophthalic acid, 2-hydroxyterephthalic acid, 5-aminoisophthalic acid, 5-N,N-dimethylaminoisophthalic acid, 5-N,N-diethylaminoisophthalic acid, 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, 2,5-dihydroxyisophthalic acid, 2,3-dihydroxyisophthalic acid, 2,3-dihydroxyphthalic acid, 2,4-dihydroxyphthalic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphthalic acid, 3-fluorophthalic acid, 5-fluoroisophthalic acid, 2-fluoroterephthalic acid, tetrafluorophthalic acid, tetrafluoroisophthalic acid, tetrafluoroterephthalic acid, 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,7-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, diphenic acid, 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-3,6-dicarboxylic acid, diphenyl ether-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid, benzophenone-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid, diphenyl sulfone-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid, biphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid, 4-trifluoromethylphthalic acid, 2,2-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane, 4,4′-stilbenedicarboxylic acid, 4-carboxycinnamic acid, or the C1-C20-alkyl esters or C5-C12-aryl esters thereof, or the acid anhydrides thereof or the acid chlorides thereof.
12. The process according to claim 1 , wherein a polyazole-based polymer is obtained and has repeat azole units of the general formula (I) and/or (II) and/or (III) and/or (IV) and/or (V) and/or (VI) and/or (VII) and/or (VIII) and/or (IX) and/or (X) and/or (XI) and/or (XII) and/or (XIII) and/or (XIV) and/or (XV) and/or (XVI) and/or (XVI) and/or (XVII) and/or (XVIII) and/or (XIX) and/or (XX) and/or (XXI) and/or (XXII)
in which
Ar are the same or different and are each a tetravalent aromatic or heteroaromatic group which may be mono- or polycyclic,
Ar 1 are the same or different and are each a divalent aromatic or heteroaromatic group which may be mono- or polycyclic,
Ar 2 are the same or different and are each a di- or trivalent aromatic or heteroaromatic group which may be mono- or polycyclic,
Ar 3 are the same or different and are each a trivalent aromatic or heteroaromatic group which may be mono- or polycyclic,
Ar 4 are the same or different and are each a trivalent aromatic or heteroaromatic group which may be mono- or polycyclic,
Ar 5 are the same or different and are each a tetravalent aromatic or heteroaromatic group which may be mono- or polycyclic,
Ar 6 are the same or different and are each a divalent aromatic or heteroaromatic group which may be mono- or polycyclic,
Ar 7 are the same or different and are each a divalent aromatic or heteroaromatic group which may be mono- or polycyclic,
Ar 8 are the same or different and are each a trivalent aromatic or heteroaromatic group which may be mono- or polycyclic,
Ar 9 are the same or different and are each a di- or tri- or tetravalent aromatic or heteroaromatic group which may be mono- or polycyclic,
Ar 10 are the same or different and are each a di- or trivalent aromatic or heteroaromatic group which may be mono- or polycyclic,
Ar 11 are the same or different and are each a divalent aromatic or heteroaromatic group which may be mono- or polycyclic,
X is the same or different and is oxygen, sulfur or an amino group which bears a hydrogen atom, a group having 1-20 carbon atoms,
R is the same or different and is hydrogen, an alkyl group or an aromatic group and
n and m are each integers greater than or equal to 10.
13. The process according to claim 1 , which is part of a process for producing a proton-conducting polymer membrane based on polyazoles, comprising the steps of
A) mixing one or more aromatic tetramino compounds with one or more aromatic carboxylic acids or esters thereof which comprise at least two acid groups per carboxylic acid monomer, or mixing one or more aromatic and/or heteroaromatic diaminocarboxylic acids, in polyphosphoric acid to form a solution and/or dispersion
B) applying a layer using the mixture according to step A) on a carrier,
C) heating the flat structure/sheet obtainable according to step B) under inert gas to temperatures of up to 280° C.,
D) treating the membrane formed in step C) until it is self-supporting.
14. The process according to claim 12 , wherein
X is the same or different and is oxygen, sulfur or an amino group which bears a hydrogen atom, a group having 1-20 carbon atoms wherein the group is a branched or unbranched alkyl, alkoxy group, or an aryl group as a further radical,
R is the same or different and is hydrogen, an alkyl group or an aromatic group and
n and m are each integers greater than or equal to 100.
15. The process according to claim 1 , wherein, in step ii), a mixture having a concentration of polyphosphoric acid, calculated as P 2 O 5 (by acidimetric means), based on the total amount of H 3 PO 4 , polyphosphoric acid and water in the mixture, of greater than 81.85% is heated.
16. The process according to claim 2 , wherein, in step ii), a mixture having a concentration of polyphosphoric acid, calculated as P 2 O 5 (by acidimetric means), based on the total amount of H 3 PO 4 , polyphosphoric acid and water in the mixture, of greater than 82.57% is heated.
17. The process according to claim 1 , wherein, in step ii), a mixture having a concentration of polyphosphoric acid, calculated as P 2 O 5 (by acidimetric means), based on the total amount of H 3 PO 4 , polyphosphoric acid and water in the mixture, of greater than 83.29% is heated.
18. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the amounts of the components in step i) are selected such that the proportion by weight of the tetramino compounds and of the aromatic carboxylic acids or esters thereof which comprise at least two acid groups per carboxylic acid monomer, or of the diaminocarboxylic acids of the mixture in step ii), based on the total weight of the mixture, is less than 5.0% by weight.
19. The process according to claim 16 , wherein the amounts of the components in step i) are selected such that the proportion by weight of the tetramino compounds and of the aromatic carboxylic acids or esters thereof which comprise at least two acid groups per carboxylic acid monomer, or of the diaminocarboxylic acids of the mixture in step ii), based on the total weight of the mixture, is less than 4.0% by weight.
20. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction mixture in step ii) is heated to greater than 230° C.
21. The process according to claim 19 , wherein the reaction mixture in step ii) is heated to 240° C. or greater.