System and method for integrally forming a stiffener with a fiber metal laminate
A unitized assembly comprises a fiber metal laminate having at least one additive layer deposited thereonto such as by friction stir welding. The fiber metal laminate comprises metallic and non-metallic plies and having an innermost metallic ply. The innermost metallic ply and the additive layer are each sized and configured to facilitate the generation of thermal energy sufficient to deposit the first additive layer to the innermost metallic ply during the friction stir welding process. The additive layer is sized and configured to minimize thermal loads in the innermost metallic ply during deposition thereof. The unitized assembly may be formed using a stock member such as a metallic plate from which the innermost metallic ply may be machined. The metallic and non-metallic plies may be laid up over the innermost metallic ply. The substructure elements may be machined from the metallic plate.
1. A method of forming a unitized assembly, comprising the steps of:
providing a fiber metal laminate having non-metallic plies bonded to metallic plies and having at least one innermost metallic ply;
depositing, by friction stir welding, a first additive layer onto the innermost metallic ply at a thickness less than successively-applied additive layers, the innermost metallic ply having a thickness greater than the thickness of the remaining metallic plies;
generating, when depositing the first additive layer, a weld nugget smaller than the weld nugget joining the first additive layer to a successively-applied additive layer such that a lower edge of the weld nugget boundary for the first additive layer is located above a first non-metallic ply; and
successively depositing and joining a plurality of the successively-applied additive layers in a stack onto the first additive layer by friction stir welding such that the innermost metallic ply is on a bottom of the stack, the additive layers and the innermost metallic ply comprising a friction stir welded preform, each additive layer being a unitary structure prior to depositing on the stack, the additive layers collectively forming a substructure element, the joining of the additive layers to the innermost metallic ply and to each other being limited to joining by friction stir welding.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the innermost metallic ply and the additive layer define an interface therebetween, the step of depositing the additive layer onto the innermost metallic ply by friction stir welding comprising the steps of:
orienting a probe transversely relative to the interface such that the probe extends into the additive layer; and
rotating the probe while moving the probe along the interface to form a weld joint.
3. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of:
machining at least one substructure element into the friction stir welded preform.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of:
machining the friction stir welded preform to form an inner surface of the innermost metallic ply; and
machining the friction stir welded preform to form at least one substructure element integral with the innermost metallic ply.