Cathode active material, cathode including the same, and lithium battery including cathode
A cathode active material including a lithium metal oxide represented by Formula 1 below: Li[Li x Me y M′ z ]O 2+d Formula 1 wherein x+y+z=1, 0<x<0.33, 0.05≦z≦0.15, 0≦d≦0.1, Me includes at least one metal selected from the group consisting of manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al), and boron (B), and M′ includes at least one metal selected from the group consisting of germanium (Ge), ruthenium (Ru), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), niobium (Nb), and platinum (Pt).
1. A cathode active material comprising a lithium metal oxide represented by Formula 1 below:
Li[Li x Co b Me y M′ z ]O 2+d Formula 1
wherein x+b+y+z=1, 0<x<0.33, 0.14≦b≦0.5, 0.05≦z≦0.15, 0≦d≦0.1,
Me comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al), and boron (B), and
M′ comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of germanium (Ge), ruthenium (Ru), tin (Sn), niobium (Nb), and platinum (Pt).
2. The cathode active material of claim 1 , wherein a part of M′ is substituted with Mo.
3. The cathode active material of claim 1 , wherein the lithium metal oxide is represented by Formula 2 below:
Li[Li x O b Me y M′ z-w Mo w ]O 2+d Formula 2
wherein x+b+y+z=1, 0<x<0.33, 0.14≦b≦0.5, 0.05≦z≦0.15, 0.01≦w≦0.10, 0≦d≦0.1,
Me comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Mn, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Al, and B, and
M′ comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ge, Ru, Sn, Nb, and Pt.
4. The cathode active material of claim 1 , wherein Me comprises Mn and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Al, and B.
5. The cathode active material of claim 4 , wherein the amount of Mn is in a range of about 20 to about 50 mol % based on the total moles of [Li x Me y M′ z ] in the lithium metal oxide of Formula 1.
6. The cathode active material of claim 1 , wherein the lithium metal oxide is represented by Formula 3 below:
Li[Li x Co b Me y M″ z ]O 2+d Formula 3
wherein x+b+y+z=1, 0<x<0.33, 0.14≦b≦0.5, 0.05≦z≦0.15, 0≦d≦0.1,
Me comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Mn, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Al, and B, and
M″ is Ru, or Sn.
7. The cathode active material of claim 6 , wherein a part of M″ is substituted with Mo.
8. The cathode active material of claim 6 , wherein the lithium metal oxide is represented by Formula 4 below:
Li[Li x Co b Me y M″ z-w Mo w ]O 2+d Formula 4
wherein x+b+y+z=1, 0<x<0.33, 0.14≦b≦0.5, 0.05≦z≦0.15, 0.01≦w≦0.10, 0≦d≦0.1,
Me comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Mn, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Al, and B, and
M″ is Ru, or Sn.
9. The cathode active material of claim 6 , wherein Me comprises Mn and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Al, and B.
10. The cathode active material of claim 9 , wherein the amount of Mn is in a range of about 20 to about 50 mol % based on the total moles of [Li x Me y M″ z ] in the lithium metal oxide of Formula 3.
11. The cathode active material of claim 1 , wherein the lithium metal oxide is represented by Formula 5 below:
Li[Li x Ni a Co b Mn c M′ z ]O 2+d Formula 5
wherein x+a+b+c+z=1, 0<x<0.33, 0.05≦z≦0.15, 0<a≦0.5, 0.14≦b≦0.5, 0.2≦c≦0.5, 0≦d≦0.1, and
M′ comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ge, Ru, Sn, Nb, and Pt.
12. The cathode active material of claim 11 , wherein a part of M′ is substituted with Mo.
13. The cathode active material of claim 11 , wherein the lithium metal oxide is represented by Formula 6 below:
Li[Li x Ni a Co b Mn c M′ z-w Mo w ]O 2+d Formula 6
wherein x+a+b+c+z=1, 0<x<0.33, 0.05≦z≦0.15, 0<a≦0.5, 0.14≦b≦0.5, 0.2≦c≦0.5, 0.01≦w≦0.10, 0≦d≦0.1, and
M′ comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ge, Ru, Sn, Nb, and Pt.
14. A cathode comprising the cathode active material of claim 1 .
15. A lithium battery comprising the cathode of claim 14 .