Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty device with integral embolic filter
A percutaneous transluminal angioplasty device having an embolic filter mounted to the catheter shaft at a location distal to the angioplasty balloon and downstream from the blockage to capture embolic particles that may be set loose into the blood stream as the angioplasty procedure is performed. The embolic filter is normally collapsed against the catheter shaft to facilitate introduction and withdrawal of the device to and from the operative site. Once the angioplasty balloon is properly positioned, however, means operatively associated with the embolic filter are actuated to erect the filter to operatively position a filter mesh across the lumen of the vessel.
1. A percutaneous transluminal angioplasty device, comprising:
an elongated catheter having proximal and distal ends and an outer side wall;
an interventional device attached to the catheter adjacent the distal end thereof;
a filter attached to the elongated catheter between the interventional device and the distal end of the catheter, the filter being collapsible for insertion of the distal end of the catheter into a blood vessel, and the filter being expandable to an expanded position to capture emboli released into a bloodstream by operation of the interventional device, wherein the filter comprises:
a movable ring portion movably attached to the catheter;
a fixed ring portion immovably attached to the catheter such that the movable ring portion is movable relative to the fixed ring portion, wherein the movable ring portion is distal to the fixed ring portion;
a plurality of elongated ribs extending longitudinally between and attached to the fixed and movable ring portions, and
a filter mesh overlying a portion of the ribs, wherein the ribs are formed of a shape memory material that urges the ribs into a collapsed position;
wherein the catheter further comprises a lumen and a port in communication with the lumen, the port comprising an aperture in the outer side wall of the catheter located distal to the fixed ring portion and proximal to the movable ring portion, and the lumen extending from a location proximate the proximal end of the catheter to the port; and
an actuator wire having proximal and distal ends, the actuator wire extending through the lumen of the catheter, and the distal end of the actuator wire exiting the lumen of the catheter through the port, the distal end of the actuator wire being attached to the movable ring portion;
wherein, when the filter is in the collapsed position, pulling on the proximal end of the wire exerts a force on the movable ring portion in the proximal direction that moves the movable ring portion toward the fixed ring portion and causes the ribs to bow outward to expand the filter to the expanded position;
wherein, when the filter is in the expanded position, releasing tension on the wire permits the shape memory of the ribs to return the ribs to their normal, collapsed position, collapsing the filter.
2. The percutaneous transluminal angioplasty device of claim 1 , wherein the interventional device comprises an angioplasty balloon.
3. The percutaneous transluminal angioplasty device of claim 1 , wherein the interventional device comprises a stent.
4. The percutaneous transluminal angioplasty device of claim 1 , wherein the interventional device comprises a mechanical thrombectomy device.
5. The percutaneous transluminal angioplasty device of claim 1 , wherein the shape memory material comprises nitinol.
6. The percutaneous transluminal angioplasty device of claim 1 , wherein filter mesh overlies a distal portion of the ribs, and wherein, in the expanded position, the ribs bow outward, radially expanding the filter mesh.
7. The percutaneous transluminal angioplasty device of claim 1 , wherein the filter mesh extends beyond the ribs in a longitudinal direction relative to the longitudinal axis of the catheter, such that a sac is formed to retain embolic particles when the filter is in the collapsed position.
8. The percutaneous transluminal angioplasty device of claim 1 , wherein the filter mesh overlies a distal portion of the ribs, and wherein, in the expanded position, the ribs bow outward, radially expanding the filter mesh.
9. A percutaneous transluminal angioplasty device, comprising:
an elongated catheter having proximal and distal ends;
an interventional device attached to the catheter adjacent the distal end thereof;
a filter attached to the elongated catheter between the interventional device and the distal end of the catheter, the filter being collapsible for insertion and removal of the distal end of the catheter into a blood vessel, and the filter being expandable to an expanded position to capture emboli released into a bloodstream by operation of the interventional device, wherein the filter comprises:
a movable ring portion movably attached to the catheter;
a fixed ring portion immovably attached to the catheter such that the movable ring portion is movable relative to the fixed ring portion;
a plurality of elongated ribs extending longitudinally between and attached to the fixed and movable ring portions; and
a filter mesh overlying a portion of the ribs, wherein the ribs are formed of a shape memory material that urges the ribs into a collapsed position;
wherein the catheter further comprises a lumen extending from a location proximate the proximal end of the catheter, to a location distal to the interventional device; and
an actuator wire having proximal and distal ends, the actuator wire extending through the lumen of the catheter, the proximal end of the actuator wire extending to a location proximate the proximal end of the catheter and the distal end of the actuator wire exiting the lumen through an aperture in an outer surface of a side wall of the catheter at a location distal to the interventional device, the distal end of the actuator wire being attached to the movable ring portion;
wherein when the filter is in a collapsed condition, manipulating the proximal end of the wire exerts a force on the movable ring portion that moves the movable ring portion toward the fixed ring portion and causes the ribs to bow outward to the expanded position.
10. The percutaneous transluminal angioplasty device of claim 9 , wherein the movable ring portion is the distal ring portion.
11. The percutaneous transluminal angioplasty device of claim 10 , wherein the aperture is distal to the proximal ring portion.
12. The percutaneous transluminal angioplasty device of claim 11 , wherein the distal end of the actuator wire is operatively connected to the distal ring portion.
13. The percutaneous transluminal angioplasty device of claim 12 , wherein pulling on the proximal end of the actuator wire draws the distal ring portion toward the fixed proximal ring portion.
14. The percutaneous transluminal angioplasty device of claim 9 , wherein the movable ring portion is the proximal ring portion.
15. The percutaneous transluminal angioplasty device of claim 14 , wherein the aperture is proximal to the proximal ring portion.
16. The percutaneous transluminal angioplasty device of claim 15 , wherein the distal end of the actuator wire is operatively connected to the proximal ring portion.
17. The percutaneous transluminal angioplasty device of claim 16 , wherein pushing on the proximal end of the actuator wire moves the proximal ring portion toward the fixed distal ring portion.
18. The percutaneous transluminal angioplasty device of claim 14 , wherein the distal end of the actuator wire exits the lumen through the catheter side wall at a location distal to the proximal ring portion.
19. The percutaneous transluminal angioplasty device of claim 18 , wherein the distal end of the actuator wire passes through an opening defined by the fixed distal ring portion and then is operatively connected to the proximal ring portion.
20. The percutaneous transluminal angioplasty device of claim 9 , wherein the interventional device comprises a stent.
21. The percutaneous transluminal angioplasty device of claim 9 , wherein the interventional device comprises a mechanical thrombectomy device.
22. The percutaneous transluminal angioplasty device of claim 9 , wherein the shape memory material comprises nitinol.
23. The percutaneous transluminal angioplasty device of claim 19 , wherein pulling on the proximal end of the actuator wire moves the proximal ring portion toward the fixed distal ring portion.
24. The percutaneous transluminal angioplasty device of claim 9 , wherein the interventional device comprises an angioplasty balloon.