Object scanning and authentication
Disclosed herein are methods and systems for scanning objects and associated substances, where the methods include: (a) using a first electronic device to scan a feature of an object and provide reference information about the object based on the scanned feature, where the feature identifies the object or a substance associated with the object; (b) using a second electronic device to measure electromagnetic radiation emitted from the object and provide sample information about the object based on the measured electromagnetic radiation; and (c) comparing the sample information and the reference information to determine whether the object includes the substance associated with the object.
1. A method, comprising:
using a first electronic device, scanning a feature of an object and based on the scanned feature, providing reference information about a substance that may be associated with the object;
using a second electronic device to measure electromagnetic radiation emitted from the object and based on the measured electromagnetic radiation determining sample information; and
comparing the sample information and the reference information to determine whether the substance is associated with the object.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the object comprises a container that conventionally holds the substance.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the feature comprises a feature on the container.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the feature comprises a shape of the container.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising outputting an electrical signal based on the comparison.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the signal comprises information about an identity of the object or substance.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the outputting comprises transmitting a signal over a communication link.
8. The method of claim 5 , further comprising displaying information to a person based on the electrical signal, wherein displaying the information comprises displaying a message indicating an alarm condition or a no-alarm condition.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the message indicating the no-alarm condition corresponds to the object or substance not appearing on a list of prohibited items.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the message indicating the alarm condition corresponds to the object or substance appearing on a list of prohibited items.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the message indicating the alarm condition corresponds to a determination that the object does not comprise the substance associated with the object.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feature comprises a bar code.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feature comprises a radio-frequency identification tag.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein measuring electromagnetic radiation emitted from the object comprises directing radiation to be incident on the object, and measuring radiation emitted by the object in response to the incident radiation.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing reference information comprises obtaining information from a database based on the scanned feature.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the reference information is based on an infrared absorption spectrum of the object or substance, a fluorescence spectrum of the object or substance, a Raman spectrum of the object or substance, or on dielectric information about the object or substance.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the reference information comprises a measured signal intensity at one or more wavelengths from the object or substance.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the reference information comprises one or more data acquisition parameters related to the object or substance.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing sample information comprises determining an infrared absorption spectrum, determining a fluorescence spectrum, or determining a Raman spectrum.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein a total elapsed time between a beginning of the scanning and an end of the comparing is 10 seconds or less.
21. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining a concentration of the substance, wherein determining the concentration comprises providing reference information that comprises an expected emitted radiation intensity from the substance, measuring an emitted radiation intensity from the substance, and comparing the expected and measured intensities to determine the concentration.
22. The method of claim 21 , further comprising outputting an electrical signal indicating an alarm condition or a no-alarm condition, wherein the signal is based on the concentration, wherein the no-alarm condition corresponds to a concentration that differs from a concentration derived from the reference information by less than a predetermined amount, and wherein the alarm condition corresponds to a concentration that differs from the concentration derived from the reference information by more than a predetermined amount.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substance is a pharmaceutical compound, a precursor of a pharmaceutical compound, an industrial compound, a narcotic, an explosive, an energetic material, a household product, or a portion of a chemical weapon.
24. A system, comprising:
a first apparatus configured to scan a feature on an object and provide reference information about a substance that may be associated with the object, based on the scanned feature;
a second apparatus configured to measure electromagnetic radiation emitted from the object and provide sample information based on the measured electromagnetic radiation; and
an electronic processor configured to compare the sample information and the reference information to determine whether the sample information and the reference information match.
25. The system of claim 24 , further comprising a housing comprising the first and second apparatus and the electronic processor.
26. The system of claim 25 , wherein the housing has a hand-held form factor so that the system is a hand-held device.
27. The system of claim 24 , wherein the first apparatus comprises a bar code reader.
28. The system of claim 24 , wherein the first apparatus comprises a radiofrequency identification tag reader.
29. The system of claim 24 , wherein the second apparatus comprises a detector configured to measure infrared radiation absorption by the object or substance, a detector configured to measure fluorescence radiation emitted by the object or substance, or a detector configured to measure a Raman spectrum of the object or substance.
30. A system, comprising:
a housing having a hand-held form factor and comprising a first apparatus, a second apparatus, and an electronic processor in communication with the first and second apparatus,
the first apparatus being configured so that during operation, the first apparatus scans an identifying feature on an object and provides reference information to the electronic processor about a substance conventionally associated with the object,
the second apparatus being configured so that during operation, the second apparatus measures electromagnetic radiation emitted from the object and provides sample information about the composition of the object to the electronic processor based on the measured electromagnetic radiation, and
the electronic processor being configured so that during operation, the electronic processor compares the sample information and the reference information to determine whether the object comprises a substance conventionally associated with the object.