Multi-point scan architecture
The embodiments of this invention use a multi-point scanning geometry. This design maintains the high frame rate of the slit-scan system and still allows both grayscale and multi-spectral imaging. In a confocal configuration, the multi-point scanning system's confocal performance is close to that of a single point scan system and is expected to yield improved depth imaging when compared to a slit-scan system, faster imaging than a point scan system, and the capability for multi-spectral imaging not readily achievable in a Nipkow disk based confocal system.
1. A confocal microscope comprising:
a light source providing a first illumination beam travelling in a forward direction;
a device that modulates the first illumination beam to provide a substantially one dimensional array of two or more illumination beams spread along a first dimension;
optics that focus said array of two or more illumination beams to an object plane in an object;
a first mechanism to scan light from said first illumination beam along a second dimension transverse to the first dimension before light from said first illumination beam reaches the object plane, wherein said first mechanism or said device causes light from said first illumination beam to scan along the first dimension, so that said array of two or more illumination beams scans across the object plane along said first and second dimensions; and
a confocal aperture array transmitting light caused by interaction of the array of two or more illumination beams and the object in the reverse direction in a manner so that the transmitted light caused by the interaction matches a profile of the said array of two or more illumination beams.
2. The microscope of claim 1 , wherein said device provides the array of two or more illumination beams by movement along the first dimension, and said confocal aperture array is moved in the direction of said first dimension to match the movement caused by the device.
3. The microscope of claim 2 wherein a second mechanism scans along said second dimension the light transmitted in said reverse direction through said confocal aperture array.
4. The microscope of claim 2 , further comprising at least one eyepiece for observation of the light transmitted in said reverse direction through said confocal aperture array.
5. The microscope of claim 2 , further comprising a two dimensional array of detectors for detection of the light transmitted in the reverse direction through the confocal aperture array.
6. The microscope of claim 5 , further comprising an element that disperses said group of beams by wavelength.
7. The microscope of claim 6 , said element comprising a prism or grating.
8. The microscope of claim 6 , wherein said array of detectors provides outputs in response to the light transmitted in said reverse direction through the confocal aperture array, said microscope further comprising a computer that produces a three dimensional multi-spectral data set from the outputs of said array of detectors.
9. The microscope of claim 1 , wherein the interaction of said array of two or more illumination beams with the object causes light to be generated by fluorescence, said microscope further comprising a dichroic beam splitter separating light of said first illumination beam from light transmitted in said reverse direction through the confocal aperture array.
10. The microscope of claim 1 , wherein the interaction of said first illumination beam with the object causes light to be reflected or backscattered by the object, said microscope further comprising a beam splitter separating light of said first illumination beam from the light transmitted in said reverse direction through the confocal aperture array.
11. The microscope of claim 1 , said device comprising a slit aperture aligned with the first dimension and an array of apertures, wherein said array of two or more illumination beams is created by rotation of the array of apertures so that the apertures in the array of apertures overlap different parts of the slit aperture along a length of the slit aperture at different times to pass different parts of said first illumination beam at said different times in the forward direction.
12. The microscope of claim 1 , said device comprising an array of apertures aligned with said first dimension, wherein said array of two or more illumination beams is created by moving said array of apertures relative to said first illumination beam by rotational motion or translational motion, so that the apertures in the array of apertures pass different parts of said first illumination beam at different times in the forward direction.
13. The microscope of claim 1 , said device comprising an array of electronically controlled individually addressable apertures.
14. The microscope of claim 3 , wherein said second mechanism comprises a mirror and a motor for rotating the mirror.
15. The microscope of claim 1 , further comprising a flexible or rigid optical relay.
16. The microscope of claim 1 , further comprising a fiber bundle to accomplish optical relay.
17. A method for scanning an object, comprising:
providing a substantially one dimensional array of two or more illumination beams spread along a first dimension travelling in a forward direction;
focusing said array of two or more illumination beams to an object plane in the object;
scanning light from said array of two or more illumination beams along a second dimension transverse to the first dimension before light from the two or more illumination beams reaches the object plane, wherein said providing or said scanning also causes light from the two or more illumination beams to scan along the first dimension, so that said array of two or more illumination beams scans across the object plane along said first and second dimensions; and
transmitting through an aperture array light caused by interaction of the array of two or more illumination beams and the object in the reverse direction in a manner so that the transmitted light caused by the interaction matches a profile of the said array of two or more illumination beams.
18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising dispersing the light transmitted through the aperture array in a reverse direction onto an array of detectors.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein said array of detectors provides outputs in response to the light returning in said reverse direction, said method further comprising constructing a three dimensional multi-spectral data set from the outputs of said array of detectors.
20. A confocal microscope comprising:
a light source providing a first illumination beam travelling in a forward direction to an object;
a confocal aperture array passing portions of the first illumination beam to form a substantially one dimensional array of two or more illumination beams spread along a first dimension travelling in the forward direction and transmitting light caused by interaction of the array of two or more illumination beams and the object in a reverse direction;
a device causing said confocal aperture array to pass different portions of the first illumination beam at different times to form the array of two or more illumination beams in the forward direction, thereby causing the array of two or more illumination beams to scan the object along the first dimension;
optics that focus said array of two or more illumination beams to an object plane;
a mechanism to scan the array of two or more illumination beams along a second dimension transverse to the first dimension, so that said array of two or more illumination beams scans across the object plane along said first and second dimensions.