Method of making bearing using ultrasonic nano crystal surface modification technology
A method of making a bearing includes providing a bearing intermediate, which is unfinished while having an overall shape of a finished bearing product; and repeatedly impacting a surface of the bearing intermediate at one or more ultrasonic frequencies to modify characteristics of the bearing intermediate. The resulting bearing intermediate or finished bearing product includes nano-size grains at or underneath the surface.
1. A method of making a bearing, comprising:
providing a bearing intermediate, which is unfinished while having an overall shape of a finished bearing product;
providing a machine comprising a vibration generator, a vibration amplifier and an impacting tip, which form an integrated body, wherein the impacting tip is fixed to the vibration amplifier, which is attached to the vibration generator; and
simultaneously applying dynamic load and static load onto a surface of the bearing intermediate with the integrated body to cause plastic deformation of the surface without grinding of the surface, wherein applying the dynamic and static loads repeatedly impacts the surface of the bearing intermediate at one or more ultrasonic frequencies to modify characteristics of the bearing intermediate, wherein the resulting bearing intermediate or finished bearing product comprises a substantial amount of nano-size grains at or underneath the surface, wherein the resulting bearing intermediate or finished bearing product has the following properties:
a roughness value smaller than about Ra 0.19 μm,
a hardness value greater than about HRc 60 at the surface, and
a compressive residual stress value between about −300 and about −2500 MPa at the surface.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nano-size grains are substantially distributed from the surface to the depth of about 100 μm.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compressive residual stress value between about −400 MPa and about −700 MPa is found in the depth up to about 200 μm.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method does not comprise grinding the surface before or after repeatedly impacting.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bearing intermediate is not subject to an additional treatment that causes a significant change in one of roughness, hardness and compressive residual stress thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing the bearing intermediate comprises turning a bearing blank and thereafter grinding to make the overall shape of the finished bearing product, wherein the bearing intermediate is not subject to an additional treatment that causes a significant change in one of roughness, hardness and compressive residual stress thereof between grinding and repeatedly impacting.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bearing intermediate prior to the repeated impacting is substantially free of nano-size grains.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein prior to repeatedly impacting the surface and a portion underneath the surface has the following properties:
a roughness value greater than about Ra 0.2 μm,
a hardness value smaller than HRc 60, and
a compressive residual stress value between about +500 and about −300 MPa at the surface.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bearing intermediate prior to repeatedly impacting comprises a substantial amount of micro-hair cracks at or underneath the surface.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the resulting bearing intermediate or finished bearing product is substantially free of micro-hair cracks at or underneath the surface.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surface is applied a static load from about 1 N to about 500 N.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein repeatedly impacting further comprises:
vibrating the impacting tip at a dynamic load from about 2 N to about 1000 N, while contacting with the surface.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the impacting tip is repeatedly impacted with a force applied in a direction having an angle with reference to the surface from about 30° to 90°.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein repeated impacting further comprises:
moving the impacting tip relative to the surface while vibrating.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the impacting tip moves relative to the surface in a direction tangential to the surface.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the impacting tip moves at a linear speed of from about 0.1 to about 100 m/min.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the resulting bearing intermediate or finished bearing product comprises a pattern of dimples formed on the surface, wherein the pattern has a substantially constant pitch between two immediately neighboring dimples.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the finished bearing product is a piece of a bearing selected from a group consisting of a journal bearing, a rolling bearing, a ball bearing, a roller bearing, a needle bearing, a radial bearing and a thrust bearing.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein repeatedly impacting the surface does not change the overall shape while changing a contour of the surface.
20. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, prior to simultaneously applying, adjusting the static load and the dynamic load.