Lithium secondary battery and electrode for lithium secondary battery
An object of the invention is to provide a lithium secondary battery using a fused salt at ambient temperature where a high capacity is able to be maintained even when it is stored at a high temperature environment or even when it is subjected to charge and discharge repeatedly and also to provide an electrode for a nonaqueous electrolytic lithium secondary battery. There is disclosed a lithium secondary battery using at least a fused salt at ambient temperature having ionic conductivity in which at least one of the positive and negative electrode contains a powder which solely comprises an inorganic solid electrolyte having lithium ionic conductivity. There is also disclosed an electrode for a lithium secondary battery using, at least, a ionic liquid having ionic conductivity which contains a powder solely comprising inorganic solid electrolyte having lithium ionic conductivity.
1. A lithium secondary battery comprising:
a positive electrode;
a negative electrode; and
an electrolyte comprising ambient-temperature-fused salt having ionic conductivity,
wherein at least one of the positive and negative electrodes contains a powder consisting of lithium composite oxide glass ceramics having lithium ionic conductivity,
wherein said lithium composite oxide glass ceramics comprises Li 1+x+z M x (Ge 1-y Ti y ) 2-x Si z P 3-z O 12 , in which 0≦x≦0.8, 0≦y≦1.0, 0≦z≦0.6 and M is one or more element(s) selected from Al and Ga, and
wherein the ambient-temperature-fused salt comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of EIM-TFSI (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolidium-bis(trifluoromethane-sulfonyl)-imide), EMI-BF4 (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolidium-tetrafluoroborate), TMPA-TFSI (trimethylpropylammonium-bistrifluoromethylsulfonylimide) and PP13 (N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium) with a lithium salt such as LiBF 4 (lithium tetrafluoroborate), LiClO 4 (lithium perchlorate), LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 (lithium bistrifluoromethane sulfonimide), LiN(SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 (lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide), LiSO 3 CF 3 (lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate) and LiPF 6 (lithium hexafluorophosphate).
2. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode contains a polymeric solid electrolyte which absorbs the salt fused at ambient temperature having ionic conductivity.
3. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein a separator positioned between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is equipped therewith.
4. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein said lithium composite oxide glass ceramics comprises crystals, and the crystals are substantially free of a pore or a crystal grain boundary which inhibits the ionic conductivity.
5. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of the powder in the electrode is 0.1% by weight to 30% by weight to an electrode mixture containing it.
6. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein, when an average particle size of the powder is d and an average particle size of the active material in the electrode containing it is D, then d/D is from 0.002 to 200.
7. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein an average particle size of the powder is not less than 50 nm and not more than 20 μm.
8. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the lithium composite oxide glass ceramics comprises crystals of Li 1+x+z M x (Ge 1-y Ti y ) 2-x Si z P 3-z O 12 (in which 0<x≦0.8, 0<y≦1.0, 0<z≦0.6 and M is Al).
9. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 8 , wherein the crystals are substantially free of a pore or a crystal grain boundary which inhibits the ionic conductivity.
10. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein lithium composite oxide glass ceramics is substantially free of pores.