Embolizing sclerosing hydrogel
A sclerosing embolizing hydrogel comprising from about 0.1% by weight to about 4.0% by weight of chitosan; from about 0.01M to about 1M of hydrochloric acid; from 0% by volume to about 40% by volume of iopamidol; from 0.5% by weight to about 25% by weight of β-glycerophosphate disodium salt; and from about 0.05% by weight to about 4% by weight of sodium tetradecyl sulphate. Also a kit for synthesizing the hydrogel and a method using the hydrogel to treat a vascular defect in a subject.
1. A sclerosing embolizing hydrogel comprising:
from about 0.1% by weight to about 4.0% by weight of chitosan;
from about 0.01M to about 1M of an acid;
from 0.5% by weight to about 25% by weight of β-glycerophosphate disodium salt; and
from about 0.05% by weight to about 4% by weight of sodium tetradecyl sulphate.
2. The hydrogel as defined in claim 1 , wherein said acid is selected from the group consisting of: acetic acid, ascorbic acid, salicylic acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, propionic acid, formic acid, lactic acid and mixtures thereof.
3. The hydrogel as defined in claim 1 , wherein said acid is hydrochloric acid.
4. The hydrogel as defined in claim 1 , wherein said hydrogel has a pH of from about 7 to about 7.4.
5. The hydrogel as defined in claim 1 , further comprising an imaging contrast agent.
6. The hydrogel as defined in claim 5 , wherein said imaging contrast agent is a radiopaque substance.
7. The hydrogel as defined in claim 5 , wherein said imaging contrast agent is selected from the group consisting of: Hypaque Meglumine, Reno, Conray, Renograffin, Hypaque Sodium, Hexabrix, Oxilan, iohexol (Omnipaque), iopamidol (Isovue), iopromide (Ultravist), ioversol (Optiray), iodixanol (Visipaque), iothalamate (Conray) and ioxaglate (Hexabrix).
8. The hydrogel as defined in claim 7 , wherein said imaging contrast agent is iopamidol.
9. The hydrogel as defined in claim 8 , wherein said hydrogel comprises from 0% by volume to about 40% by volume of said iopamidol.
10. The hydrogel as defined in claim 1 , wherein said hydrogel has a storage modulus of from about 1 kPa to about 10 kPa.
11. The hydrogel as defined in claim 1 , wherein said chitosan has a degree of deacetylation of from about 80% to about 95%.
12. The hydrogel as defined in claim 1 , wherein said chitosan has a degree of deacetylation of from about 80% to about 85%.
13. The hydrogel as defined in claim 1 , wherein said hydrogel includes from about 1% by weight to about 3% by weight of sodium tetradecyl sulphate.
14. The hydrogel as defined in claim 1 , wherein said hydrogel includes:
about 2% by weight of chitosan;
about 0.1M of hydrochloric acid;
about 12% by weight of β-glycerophosphate disodium salt; and
about 1% by weight of sodium tetradecyl sulphate; and
wherein said hydrogel further comprises about 20% by volume of iopamidol.
15. The hydrogel as defined in claim 1 , wherein said hydrogel includes:
about 2% by weight of chitosan;
about 0.1M of hydrochloric acid;
about 10% by weight of β-glycerophosphate disodium salt; and
about 3% by weight of sodium tetradecyl sulphate; and
wherein said hydrogel further comprises about 20% by volume of iopamidol.
16. A method for treating a vascular defect in a subject, said method comprising implanting at an implantation site in said subject the hydrogel as defined in claim 1 .
17. The method as defined in claim 16 wherein said vascular defect is selected from the group consisting of: an aneurysm, an abdominal aortic aneurysm and a vascular anomaly.
18. The method as defined in claim 16 , wherein said vascular defect is an endoleak after endovascular aneurysm repair.
19. The method as defined in claim 16 , wherein said vascular defect is a vascular anomaly selected from the group consisting of an arteriovenous malformation, a venous malformation, a lymphatic malformation, an hemangioma, a varicocele and pelvic congestion syndrome.
20. The method as defined in claim 16 , wherein said implantation site is substantially adjacent said vascular defect.
21. The method as defined in claim 16 , said method using a catheter defining a catheter proximal end and an opposed catheter distal end, wherein implanting said hydrogel includes:
inserting said catheter in said subject with said catheter distal end positioned substantially adjacent said implantation site and said catheter proximal end provided outside of said subject;
mixing precursor solutions of said hydrogel outside of said catheter to form a mixed hydrogel forming solution;
injecting said hydrogel forming solution through said catheter at said implantation site;
whereby said hydrogel is implanted at said implantation site.
22. The method as defined in claim 21 , further comprising stenting said vascular defect before injecting said hydrogel forming solution.
23. The method as defined in claim 21 , further comprising excluding blood flow at said implantation site before injecting said hydrogel forming solution.
24. The method as defined in claim 16 , wherein said subject is a non-human mammal.
25. The method as defined in claim 16 , wherein said subject is a human.