Electromagnetic flow meter having a driver circuit including a current transducer
An electromagnetic flow meter (EMFM) accurately measures both the complete flow rate and the dynamically fluctuating flow rate of a fluid by applying a unipolar DC voltage to excitation coils for a predetermined period of time, measuring the electric potential at a pair of electrodes, determining a complete flow rate and independently measuring the dynamic flow rate during the “on” cycle of the DC excitation, and correcting the measurements for errors resulting from galvanic drift and other effects on the electric potential. The EMFM can also correct for effects from the excitation circuit induced during operation of the EMFM.
1. An electromagnetic flow meter for measuring the flow rate of a conductive fluid in a conduit, the electromagnetic flow meter comprising:
an electromagnetic transducer designed and configured to produce a magnetic field that extends into the conductive fluid within the conduit so as to induce an electrical potential within the conductive fluid;
a driver circuit designed and configured to drive said electromagnetic transducer with an electrical current so as to produce the magnetic field, said driver circuit including a current transducer, said current transducer designed and configured to produce a current signal representative of the electric current;
at least two electrodes designed and configured to transmit an electric potential signal representative of the electric potential of the conductive fluid;
a signal conditioning unit in electrical communication with said at least two electrodes, said signal conditioning unit generating a conditioned signal from said electric potential signal; and
a signal processing unit electronically coupled to said signal conditioning unit and said driver circuit, said signal processing unit designed and configured to determine a flow rate from said conditioned signal and said current signal.
2. An electromagnetic flow meter according to claim 1 , wherein said signal conditioning unit includes an AC coupled circuit and a direct coupled circuit.
3. An electromagnetic flow meter according to claim 2 , wherein each of said AC coupled circuit and direct coupled circuit are designed and configured to receive said electric potential signal, and wherein said AC coupled circuit is designed and configured to generate an AC conditioned signal and said direct coupled circuit is designed and configured to generate a direct conditioned signal.
4. An electromagnetic flow meter according to claim 1 , wherein said driver circuit is designed and configured to generate a magnetic field that extends within the conduit.
5. An electromagnetic flow meter according to claim 4 , wherein said driver circuit is designed and configured to generate said magnetic field with a unipolar DC voltage.
6. An electromagnetic flow meter according claim 4 , wherein said driver circuit is designed and configured to provide a DC voltage at periodic intervals separated by an off period and wherein said signal processing unit is designed and configured to determine a difference between consecutive ones of said off periods.
7. An electromagnetic flow meter according to claim 6 , wherein said signal processing unit is designed and configured to modify said flow rate by said difference.
8. An electromagnetic flow meter comprising:
a conduit for transporting a conductive fluid,
at least two electrodes coupled to said conduit, said at least two electrodes designed and configured to transmit an electric potential signal representative of an electric potential of the conductive fluid;
a driver circuit designed and configured to induce a magnetic field within said conduit and including a current transducer, said current transducer designed and configured to produce a current signal representative of an electric current within said driver circuit; and
a signal conditioning unit in electrical communication with said at least two electrodes, said signal conditioning unit including an AC coupled circuit and a direct coupled circuit, wherein each of said AC coupled circuit and direct coupled circuit is designed and configured to receive said electric potential signal, and wherein said AC coupled circuit is designed and configured to generate an AC conditioned signal and said direct coupled circuit generates a direct conditioned signal.
9. An electromagnetic flow meter according to claim 8 , further comprising a signal processing unit electronically coupled to said signal conditioning unit and said driver circuit, said signal processing unit being designed and configured to determine a first flow rate from said AC conditioned signal.
10. An electromagnetic flow meter according to claim 9 , wherein said signal processing unit is designed and configured to determine a second flow rate from said direct conditioned signal.
11. An electromagnetic flow meter according to claim 8 , further comprising a signal processing unit electronically coupled to said signal conditioning unit and said driver circuit, said signal processing unit being designed and configured to determine a first flow rate from said direct conditioned signal.
12. An electromagnetic flow meter according to claim 11 , wherein said driver circuit is designed and configured to generate said magnetic field with a unipolar DC voltage.
13. An electromagnetic flow meter according claim 12 , wherein said driver circuit is designed and configured to provide a DC voltage at periodic intervals separated by an off period and wherein said signal processing unit is designed and configured to determine a difference between consecutive ones of said off periods.
14. An electromagnetic flow meter according to claim 13 , wherein said signal processing unit modifies said first flow rate by said difference.
15. A method of determining a flow rate of a conductive fluid, the method comprising:
periodically applying a magnetic field to the conductive fluid;
measuring an electric potential of the fluid in the conduit when the magnetic field is applied and when it is not applied;
conditioning the electric potential from said measuring;
determining at least one flow rate component; and
removing electric potential errors from the at least one flow rate component.
16. A method according to claim 15 , wherein the at least one flow rate component comprises a complete flow rate component.
17. A method according to claim 16 , wherein the at least one component further comprises a dynamic time-varying component.
18. A method according to claim 15 , wherein said removing includes the steps of:
determining a first electric potential of the conductive fluid when the magnetic field is applied; and
comparing the first electric potential to a second electrical potential, wherein the second electric potential is an electric potential of the conductive fluid at a sequential time when the magnetic field is not applied.
19. A method according to claim 15 , wherein said conditioning includes inputting the electric potential into an AC coupled circuit and a direct coupled circuit.
20. A method according to claim 19 , wherein the at least one flow rate component is a complete flow rate component and a dynamic time-varying component, wherein the output of the AC coupled circuit is a first conditioned signal representative of the dynamic time-varying component and output of the direct coupled circuit is a second conditioned signal representative of the complete flow rate.