Antimicrobial medicotechnical product, process for its preparation and use

1. A medicotechnical product having an antimicrobial finish of a complex material of metal nano-particles and macromolecules, the macromolecules being formed at least partially from a polyamino acid, wherein the polyamino acid is amphiphilically modified with a substance, wherein the substance is bonded to the polyamino acid by means of a crosslinking component.

2. The medicotechnical product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the finish is provided on at least one part of the surface of the product.

3. The medicotechnical product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the finish is provided in the interior of the product.

4. The medicotechnical product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein each metal nanoparticle is surrounded in a shell-like manner by at least one polyamino acid.

5. The medicotechnical product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the polyamino acid is one of the groups consisting of homopolyamino acids and heteropolyamino acids.

6. The medicotechnical product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the polyamino acid consists of at least one of the groups consisting of naturally occurring and synthetic amino acids.

7. The medicotechnical product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the polyamino acid contains at least one amino acid of the group consisting of basic, acidic and sulfur-containing amino acids.

8. The medicotechnical product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the polyamino acid has a linear structure.

9. The medicotechnical product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the polyamino acid has a branched structure.

10. The medicotechnical product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the polyamino acid is polylysine.

11. The medicotechnical product as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the polylysine has a degree of polymerization (DP) of 10 to 15.

12. The medicotechnical product as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the polylysine has a molecular weight between 3000 and 6000 g/mol.

13. The medicotechnical product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the polyamino acid is amphiphilically modified with a substance having at least one aliphatic radical.

14. The medicotechnical product as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the aliphatic radical has 6 to 22 carbon atoms.

15. The medicotechnical product as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the substance is at least one biocompatible substance.

16. The medicotechnical product as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the amphiphilic modification of the polyamino acid is based on covalent bonds.

17. The medicotechnical product as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the content of free amino groups after the amphiphilic modification is between 0.5 and less than 50% based on the original total amount of amino groups of the amino acid monomers used for the preparation of the polyamino acid.

18. The medicotechnical product as claimed in claim 17 , wherein the content of free amino groups after the amphiphilic modification of the crosslinked poly-amino acid is between 15 and 45% based on the original total amount of amino groups of the amino acid monomers used for the preparation of the polyamino acid.

19. The medicotechnical product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the metal nanoparticles are one of the groups consisting of gold, silver, copper and zinc nanoparticles.

20. The medicotechnical product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the metal nanoparticles have a diameter of 0.5 to 20 nm.

21. A process for the preparation of a medicotechnical product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the complex material is added by at least one manner consisting of the group of applying to the unfinished product from the outside and adding to the material of the product during its preparation.

22. A process for the preparation of the macromolecules of claim 1 by polymerizing of at least trifunctional amino acids in the liquid phase, wherein the amino acids are activated for the polymerization and polymerized without use of protective groups.

23. The process as claimed in claim 22 , wherein the amino acids are activated by at least one organic substance.

24. The process as claimed in claim 22 , wherein the amino acids are activated by at least one substance of the group consisting of carbodiimides, N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT), pentafluorophenol, pentachlorophenol and derivatives derived therefrom.

25. The process as claimed in claim 22 , wherein the amino acids are activated by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS).

26. The process as claimed in claim 22 , wherein the amino acids are activated by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT).

27. A biocide in a medicotechnical product in the form of a complex material of metal nanoparticles and macromolecules, the macro-molecules being formed at least partially from a polyamino acid as claimed in claim 1 .

28. The mediotechnical product as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the poly-amino acid contains at least one amino acid from the group consisting of cysteine, methionine, tryptophan, histidine, arginine, lysine, ornithine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and their derivatives.

29. A biocide in a mediotechnical product as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the substance is a fatty acid or a fatty acid derivative.

30. A biocide in a mediotechnical product as claimed in claim 19 , wherein the metal nanoparticles are silver nanoparticles.

31. A process as claimed in claim 21 , wherein the complex material is added in the form of a solution.

32. A biocide as claimed in claim 27 , in the form of a mediotechnical product of having an antimicrobial finish of a complex material of metal nano-particles and macromolecules, the macromolecules being formed at least partially from a polyamino acid.