In situ detection of early stages and late stages HPV infection
Embodiments of the invention provide methods, monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, assays, and kits for detecting HPV infection and HPV related cancer diagnosis, including infection by various HPV genotypes, early and/or late stage HPV-associated or HPV-specific cancers. The anti-HPV antibodies are used in performing immunological assays on clinical samples. Various immunological assays and kits for detecting HPV infection, cervical cancer, other HPV related cancers, early stage precancerous lesions as well as late stage cancer progression are also provided.
1. A method of detecting papillomavirus infection in a human subject and determining a risk of the human subject developing a cancerous lesion, comprising:
receiving a sample obtained from the human subject, the sample comprising a population of cells susceptible to infection by a papillomavirus,
applying the sample to a slide;
contacting the sample with a first staining reagent comprising an anti-HPV monoclonal antibody generated against a purified recombinant papillomavirus protein, wherein
the monoclonal antibody specifically binds to two or more native HPV proteins from different HPV types, wherein
the two or more native HPV proteins are native E7 proteins from different HPV types or native E6 proteins from different HPV types, and
the monoclonal antibody is capable of binding in situ to said proteins in a clinical sample; and
a positive staining is indicative of the presence of a papillomavirus protein in the sample thereby indicating papillomavirus infection in the human subject; and
determining a nuclear to cytoplasm ratio in size for at least one cell of the population of cells; and
determining a score for the sample based on the nuclear to cytoplasm ratio in size and the positive staining wherein the score indicates a risk of the human subject developing a cancerous lesion.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more purified recombinant papillomavirus protein is selected from the group consisting of recombinant E6 protein from HPV-16, recombinant E7 protein from HPV-16, recombinant E6 protein from HPV-18, and recombinant E7 protein from HPV-18.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the native HPV proteins are native E6 protein from HPV 16 and native E6 protein from HPV 18.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the papillomavirus protein is selected from the group consisting of papillomavirus E6 protein and papillomavirus E7 protein.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the papillomavirus protein has a papillomavirus type selected from the group consisting of high risk HPV types, low risk HPV types, HPV-16, HPV-18, HPV-31, HPV-33, HPV-35, HPV-39, HPV-45, HPV-51, HPV-52, HPV-56, HPV-58, HPV-59, and HPV-68, HPV-6, HPV-11, HPV-42, HPV-43, HPV-44, HPV-53, HPV-54, HPV-55, and HPV-56.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining a staining pattern and an intensity of staining and determining a disease stage wherein the disease stage is based on the staining pattern or the intensity of staining and wherein the disease stage is selected from the group consisting of early stage HPV infection, late stage HPV infection, early stage cervical lesion, late stage cervical lesion, low grade of squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high grade of squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), cervical intraneoplasm stage 1, 2, 3 (CIN1, CIN2, CIN3, respectively), invasive cervical cancer, adenocarcinoma (ADC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising
performing a cytological Papanicolaou smear assay on the sample and
comparing results of the cytological Papanicolaou smear assay with the staining by the staining reagent.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the staining reagent further comprises a fluorescent agent or a colorimetric agent.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising contacting the sample with a second staining agent comprising a second antibody generated against a second purified recombinant papillomavirus protein.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample comprises a component selected from the group consisting of cervical cells, cervical tissues, cervical swabs, body fluids, serum, blood, tumors, cell cultures, and biopsies.
11. The method of claim 6 , further comprising determining the presence of cervical cancer in the human subject based on the determined score.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cells are dispersed in a collection liquid.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the purified recombinant papillomavirus protein has native or near-native conformation.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antibody is capable of specifically binding to a papillomavirus protein epitope present in a population of morphologically identifiable cells.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the risk is assessed to be high if there is positive staining and the nuclear to cytoplasm ratio exceeds a predetermined threshold.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the native HPV E7 proteins are native E7 protein from HPV 16 and native E7 protein from HPV 18.