Sublimation dying of textiles and other materials
Sublimation dyeing uses first and second donors, with heat being applied simultaneously from both sides of the object. Receivers can be woven, non-woven, knitted or not knitted, or any combination of these, or any other factors, and are contemplated to include fabrics used for clothing, banners, flags, carpets, wall hangings, and so on. Process parameters use lower temperature and longer dwell times than for one-sided sublimation printing, most preferably dwell times of between 70 seconds and 120 seconds, and a sublimation temperature of less than 400° F. (204.4° C.). Solids and patterns can be reproducibly printed, even in small lots, and can facilitate just in time production of clothing and other materials.
1. A method of printing, comprising:
providing a first donor paper sheet on a cylinder based machine onto which is placed a first dye in the shape of a first pattern;
providing a second donor paper sheet onto which is placed a second dye in the shape of a second pattern;
wherein the first pattern is different from the second pattern;
providing a textile receiver, wherein the textile receiver is a separate sheet from the first donor and the second donor;
positioning the first and second donors by sandwiching the first and second donors on opposite sides of the textile receiver; and
applying heat sufficient to simultaneously sublimate the first and second dyes onto the textile receiver so that at least a portion of the first dye on the textile receiver directly opposes at least a portion of the second dye on the textile receiver.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first dye is applied to the first donor such that the receiver receives a contiguous solid area of the first dye of at least 100 cm 2 .
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first dye is applied to the first donor such that the receiver receives at least one of: (a) a contiguous repeating pattern of at least 400 cm 2 , and a contiguous solid area of the first dye of at least 400 cm 2 .
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second dyes have the same color.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising choosing coloration of the first and second dyes such that colors they produce on the receiver appear to an untrained observer as the same color.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising placing a third color, different from the first color, on the first donor, adjacent the first color.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising using a roller coater to coat a dye onto the first donor.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the receiver comprises a synthetic fiber.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the receiver includes at least one of a rayon and a cellulose acetate.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the receiver includes at least one of polyester, nylon, acrylic, modacrylic, and polyolefin.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the receiver comprises a woven fabric.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the receiver comprises a clothing fabric.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the receiver comprises a banner and a flag fabric.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the receiver comprises a carpet.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of applying heat sufficient to simultaneously sublimate comprises applying sublimating heat to the first and second donors for first and second periods, respectively, wherein the first period overlaps the second period by at least 40 seconds.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of applying heat sufficient to simultaneously sublimate comprises applying sublimating heat to the first and second donors for first and second periods, respectively, wherein the first period overlaps the second period by at least 60 seconds.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of applying heat sufficient to simultaneously sublimate comprises applying sublimating heat to the first and second donors for first and second periods, respectively, wherein the first period overlaps at least 90% of the second period.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of applying heat comprises adjusting a heat press to use a sublimation dwell time of at least 80 seconds.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of applying heat comprises applying heat to opposing sides of the receiver.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of applying heat comprises adjusting a heat press to use a sublimation temperature of less than 400° F. (204.4° C.).
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of applying heat comprises adjusting a heat press to use a sublimation dwell time of between 70 seconds and 120 seconds, and a sublimation temperature of less than 400° F. (204.4° C.).
22. The method of claim 1 , further comprising cutting the receiver from a bulk material.
23. A method of printing, comprising:
providing a first donor paper sheet on a cylinder based machine onto which is placed a first dye in the shape of a first pattern;
providing a second donor paper sheet onto which is placed a second dye in the shape of a second pattern;
wherein the first pattern is different from the second pattern;
providing a textile receiver, wherein the textile receiver is a separate sheet from the first donor and the second donor;
placing the first and second donors on a same side of the textile receiver; and
applying heat sufficient to simultaneously sublimate the first and second dyes onto the textile receiver so that at least a portion of the first dye on the textile receiver directly opposes at least a portion of the second dye on the textile receiver.
24. A method of printing, comprising:
providing a first donor paper sheet on a cylinder based machine onto which is placed a first dye in the shape of a first pattern;
providing a second donor paper sheet onto which is placed a second dye in the shape of a second pattern;
wherein the first pattern is different from the second pattern;
providing a textile receiver, wherein the textile receiver is a separate sheet from the first donor and the second donor;
sandwiching the second donors between the first donors and the receiver; and
applying heat sufficient to simultaneously sublimate the first and second dyes onto the textile receiver so that at least a portion of the first dye on the textile receiver directly opposes at least a portion of the second dye on the textile receiver.