Copolymer semiconductors comprising thiazolothiazole or benzobisthiazole, or benzobisoxazole electron acceptor subunits, and electron donor subunits, and their uses in transistors and solar cells
The inventions disclosed, described, and/or claimed herein relate to copolymers comprising copolymers comprising electron accepting A subunits that comprise thiazolothiazole, benzobisthiazole, or benzobisoxazoles rings, and electron donating subunits that comprise certain heterocyclic groups. The copolymers are useful for manufacturing organic electronic devices, including transistors and solar cells. The invention also relates to certain synthetic precursors of the copolymers. Methods for making the copolymers and the derivative electronic devices are also described.
1. A copolymer comprising the structure:
wherein
a) n is a positive integer of 2 or greater,
b) n 1 is 1, 2, 3, or 4,
c) each R 1 is independently selected from hydrogen, a halogen, cyano, or a C 1 -C 18 organic radical selected from optionally substituted normal or branched alkyls, alkoxys, or thioalkyls;
d) A has the structure
wherein each R 2 is independently selected from hydrogen, a halogen, cyano, or a C 1 -C 18 organic radical selected from optionally substituted normal or branched alkyls, alkoxys, or thioalkyls;
e) D has one of the structures
wherein each R 3 is independently selected from hydrogen, a halogen, cyano, or a C1-C 18 organic radical selected from optionally substituted normal or branched alkyls, alkoxys, or thioalkyls, and R 4 is a C 1 -C 18 optionally substituted normal or branched alkyl, or phenyl.
2. An electronic device comprising one or more copolymers from claim 1 .
3. The electronic device of claim 2 that is a transistor.
4. A transistor of claim 3 that has been thermally annealed at a temperature of at least about 150° C.
5. The electronic device of claim 2 that is a solar cell.
6. The solar cell of claim 5 that comprises an active layer comprising the one or more copolymers that is applied, from a hot solvent and dried under vacuum immediately after the deposition the copolymers.
7. A composition comprising at least one polymer of claim 1 and one or more electron accepting materials.
8. The composition of claim 7 wherein the electron accepting material is selected from Phenyl-[6,6]-C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC 61 BM) and Phenyl-[6,6]-C-71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC 71 BM).
9. he copolymers of claim 1 , wherein each of R 1 , R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from a C 4 -C 12 organic radical selected from n-alkyl, n-alkoxy, or n-thioalkyl, and each R 2 is independently selected from hydrogen, flouride, cyano, or a C 4 -C 12 organic radical selected from n-alkyl, n-alkoxy, or thioalkyl.
10. A copolymer comprising the structure:
wherein
a) n is a positive integer of 2 or greater,
b) n 1 is 1, 2, 3, or 4,
c) each R 1 is independently selected from hydrogen, a halogen, cyano, or a C 1 -C 18 organic radical selected from optionally substituted normal or branched alkyls, alkoxys, or thioalkyls;
d) A has one of the structures
wherein each R 2 is independently selected from hydrogen, a halogen, cyano, or a C 1 -C 18 organic radical selected from optionally substituted normal or branched alkyls, alkoxys, or thioalkyls;
e) D has the structure
wherein each R 3 is independently selected from hydrogen, a halogen, cyano, or a C 1 -C 18 organic radical selected from optionally substituted normal or branched alkyls, alkoxys, or thioalkyls, and R 4 is a C 1 -C 18 optionally substituted normal or branched alkyl, or phenyl.
11. An electronic device comprising one or more copolymers from claim 10 .
12. The electronic device of claim 11 that is a transistor.
13. A transistor of claim 12 that has been thermally annealed at a temperature of at least about 150° C.
14. The electronic device of claim 11 that is a solar cell.
15. The solar cell of claim 14 that comprises an active layer comprising the one or more copolymers that is applied from a hot solvent and dried under vacuum immediately after the deposition the copolymers.
16. A composition comprising at least one polymer of claim 10 and one or more electron accepting materials.
17. The composition of claim 16 wherein the electron accepting material is selected from Phenyl-[6,6]-C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC 61 BM) and Phenyl-[6,6]-C-71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC 71 BM).
18. The copolymers of claim 10 , wherein each of R 1 , R 3 and R 4 arc independently selected from a C 4 -C 12 organic radical selected from n-alkyl, n-alkoxy, or n-thioalkyl, and each R 2 is independently selected from hydrogen, flouride, cyano, or a C 4 -C 12 organic radical selected from n-alkyl, n-alkoxy, or thioalkyl.
19. A copolymer having a structure selected from the group consisting of:
a)
wherein R 1 and R 3 are C 4 -C 12 n-alkyls or n-alkoxides, n is a positive integer of 2 or greater;
b)
wherein R 1 and R 3 are C 4 -C 12 branched alkyls, n is a positive integer of 2 or greater;
c)
wherein R 1 and R 3 are C 4 -C 12 branched alkyls, n is a positive integer of 2 or greater; and
d)
wherein R 1 and R 3 are independently C 4 -C 12 n-alkyl or n-alkoxides and R 2 is hydrogen, C 4 -C 12 n-alkyl or n-alkoxides, n is a positive integer of 2 or greater.