Ruthenium complexes having (P—P)—coordinated diphosphorus donor ligands and processes for preparing them
The invention relates to ruthenium complexes which have a chiral diphosphorus donor ligand and in which the ruthenium has the oxidation state (+11) and the chiral diphosphorus donor ligand has bidentate P—P coordination to the ruthenium. The ruthenium complexes are present in two forms (cationic type A and uncharged type B), are cyclic and have a four- to six-membered ring incorporating the diphosphorus donor ligand. The chiral diphosphorus donor ligands are selected from the group consisting of diphosphines, diphospholanes, diphosphites, diphosphonites and diazaphospholanes. Furthermore, processes for preparing the ruthenium complexes of types A and B, which are based on ligand exchange reactions, are described. The Ru complexes are used as catalysts for homogeneous asymmetric catalysis for preparing organic compounds.
1. A ruthenium complex having a chiral diphosphorus donor ligand for homogeneous catalysis having the general formula
wherein
ruthenium is present in the oxidation state +II,
P(1)-P(2) is a chiral diphosphorus donor ligand,
n is an integer which obeys n≧3,
L D is at least one uncharged 2-electron donor ligand and is a solvent ligand from the group consisting of acetonitrile (CH 3 CN), diethyl ether, water, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, pyridine, imidazole and thiophene,
Z is a π-bonded anionic open, acyclic pentadienyl ligand,
E − is an anion of an oxo acid or complex acid and
L z is at least one anionic ligand,
and the chiral diphosphorus donor ligand P(1)-P(2) has bidentate P-P coordination and forms a four- to six-membered ring with the ruthenium.
2. The ruthenium complex as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the chiral diphosphorus donor ligand P(1)-P(2) is selected from the group consisting of diphosphines, diphospholanes, diphosphites, diphosphonites and diazaphospholanes.
3. The ruthenium complex as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a four-membered ring is present and the chiral diphosphorus donor ligand P(1)-P(2) is selected from the group consisting of MiniPhos and Trichickenfootphos ligands.
4. The ruthenium complex as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a five-membered ring is present and the chiral diphosphorus donor ligand P(1)-P(2) is selected from the group consisting of DIPAMP, Norphos, PROPHOS, DuPHOS, Chiraphos, Bis-P* family, DepyPhos (or DeguPhos), RoPhos, CATAXIUM, ButiPhane, (1,2-ethylene)-BinaPhane, (1,2-phenylene)-BinaPhane, Binapine, TangPhos, BPE, BasPhos, MalPhos, Me-KetalPhos, Helmchen ligands, PennPhos, UCAP, Hoge ligands and CNR-Phos ligands.
5. The ruthenium complex as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a six-membered ring is present and the chiral diphosphorus donor ligand P(1)-P(2) is selected from the group consisting of BDPP (or SKEWPHOS), BPPFOH, MandyPhos, JosiPhos, FerroTANE Me-f-KetalPhos, Ferrocelane, Trifer and (1,1′-ferrocene)-BinaPhane ligands.
6. The ruthenium complex as claimed in claim 1 , wherein Z is a substituted open pentadienyl ligand and is 1-methylpentadienyl, 2,4-dimethylpentadienyl or 2,3,4-trimethylpentadienyl.
7. The ruthenium complex as claimed in claim 1 , wherein Z is 2,4-dimethylpentadienyl.
8. The ruthenium complex as claimed in claim 1 , wherein E − is an anion from the group consisting of HSO 4 − , CF 3 SO 3 − , CF 3 CO 2 − , CH 3 CO 2 − , ClO 4 − , BF 4 − , B(aryl) 4 − , SbF 6 − or PF 6 − .
9. The ruthenium complex as claimed in claim 1 , wherein L z is at least one anionic ligand from the group consisting of halides and pseudohalides.
10. The ruthenium complex as claimed in claim 1 , wherein L z is iodide, Z is 2,4-dimethylpentadienyl and E − is BF 4 − .
11. A process for preparing the ruthenium complex (type A) as claimed in claim 1 , wherein an Ru starting compound of the general formula
[Z—Ru-(L D ) n ] + E −
wherein
Ru is in the oxidation state +II
n is an integer obeying n≧3,
L D is at least one uncharged 2-electron donor ligand and is a solvent ligand from the group consisting of acetonitrile (CH 3 CN), diethyl ether, water, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, pyridine, imidazole and thiophene,
Z is a π-bonded anionic open, acyclic pentadienyl ligand and
E − is an anion of an oxo acid or complex acid,
is reacted with a chiral diphosphorus donor ligand P(1)-P(2), wherein the chiral diphosphorus donor ligand P(1)-P(2) forms a four- to six-membered ring with the ruthenium.
12. The process as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the chiral diphosphorus donor ligand P(1)-P(2) is selected from the group consisting of diphosphines, diphospholanes, diphosphites, diphosphonites and diazaphospholanes.
13. The process as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the chiral diphosphorus donor ligand P(1)-P(2) forms a four-membered ring with the ruthenium and is selected from the group consisting of MiniPhos and Trichickenfootphos ligands.
14. The process as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the chiral diphosphorus donor ligand P(1)-P(2) forms a five-membered ring with the ruthenium and is selected from the group consisting of DIPAMP, Norphos, PROPHOS, DuPHOS, Chiraphos, Bis-P* family, DepyPhos (or DeguPhos), RoPhos, CATAXIUM, ButiPhane, (1,2-ethylene)-BinaPhane, (1,2-phenylene)-BinaPhane, Binapine, TangPhos, BPE, BasPhos, MalPhos, Me-KetalPhos, Helmchen ligands, PennPhos, UCAP, Hoge ligands and CNR-Phos ligands.
15. The process as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the chiral diphosphorus donor ligand P(1)-P(2) forms a six-membered ring with the ruthenium and is selected from the group consisting of BDPP (or SKEWPHOS), BPPFOH, MandyPhos, JosiPhos, FerroTANE Me-f-KetalPhos, Ferrocelane, Trifer and (1,1′-ferrocene)-BinaPhane ligands.
16. The process as claimed in claim 11 , wherein Z is 1-methylpentadienyl, 2,4-dimethylpentadienyl or 2,3,4-trimethylpentadienyl.
17. The process as claimed in claim 11 , wherein E − is an anion from the group consisting of HSO 4 − , CF 3 SO 3 − , CF 3 CO 2 − , CH 3 CO 2 − , ClO 4 − , BF 4 − , B(aryl) 4 − , SbF 6 − or PF 6 − .
18. The process as claimed in claim 11 , wherein dipolar, aprotic solvents such as acetone, THF or dioxane are used as solvents.
19. A process for preparing the ruthenium complex (type B) as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the cationic ruthenium complex of type A is reacted with a negatively charged ligand L z from the group consisting of halides and pseudohalides.
20. The process as claimed in claim 19 , wherein an aqueous solvent mixture, in particular a mixture of a dipolar, aprotic solvent with water, is used as solvent.