Assay for anti-EGFRvIII antibodies
Detection of human antibodies directed against the tumor-specific protein Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor variant Class III (EGFRvIII) provide information on tumor burden and vaccine response. The methods of the invention permit the specific identification of antibodies that are able to bind to EGFRvIII. The methods are useful in determining the presence of an EGFRvIII-expressing tumor and in detecting immune responses following immunization with EGFRvIII-derived peptide as part of a cancer immunotherapy regimen.
1. A method of determining an amount of EGFRvIII-specific antibody in a blood sample of a human, comprising:
contacting a first portion of the blood sample with a peptide immobilized to a solid support, wherein the peptide comprises at least 4 and up to 17 contiguous amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 1 including position 6 of SEQ ID NO: 1; wherein the contacting is performed in the presence of a free form of the peptide of at least 4 and up to 17 contiguous amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 1;
contacting a second portion of the blood sample with the peptide immobilized to the solid support, wherein the contacting is performed in the absence of the free form of the peptide;
determining a first amount of antibody from the first portion of the blood sample which bound to the peptide immobilized to the solid support;
determining a second amount of antibody from the second portion of the blood sample which bound to the peptide immobilized to the solid support;
calculating a third amount by subtracting the first amount from the second amount, said third amount representing EGFRvIII-specific antibody in the blood sample of the human.
2. A method of determining presence of an EGFRvIII expressing tumor in a human who has not been vaccinated against EGFRvIII, comprising the steps of:
contacting a first portion of a blood sample from the human with a peptide immobilized to a solid support, wherein the peptide comprises at least 4 and up to 17 contiguous amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 1 including position 6 of SEQ ID NO: 1; wherein the contacting is performed in the presence of a free form of the peptide of at least 4 and up to 17 contiguous amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 1;
contacting a second portion of the blood sample from the human with the peptide immobilized to the solid support, wherein the contacting is performed in the absence of the free form of the peptide;
determining a first amount of antibody from the first portion of the blood sample which bound to the peptide immobilized to the solid support;
determining a second amount of antibody from the second portion of the blood sample which bound to the peptide immobilized to the solid support;
calculating a third amount by subtracting the first amount from the second amount, said third amount representing EGFRvIII-specific antibody in the blood sample of the human, wherein a third amount of antibody which is above amounts determined for a population of control humans who do not have EGFRvIII expressing tumors and who have not been vaccinated against EGFRvIII indicates presence of an EGFRvIII expressing tumor in the human.
3. A method of evaluating an antibody response to a peptide vaccination against EGFRvIII in a human, comprising the steps of:
contacting a first portion of a blood sample of the human obtained after the peptide vaccination with a peptide immobilized to a solid support, wherein the peptide comprises at least 4 and up to 17 contiguous amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 1 including position 6 of SEQ ID NO: 1; wherein the contacting is performed in the presence of a free form of the peptide of at least 4 and up to 17 contiguous amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 1;
contacting a second portion of the blood sample with the peptide immobilized to the solid support, wherein the contacting is performed in the absence of the free form of the peptide;
determining a first amount of antibody from the first portion of the blood sample which bound to the peptide immobilized to the solid support;
determining a second amount of antibody from the second portion of the blood sample which bound to the peptide immobilized to the solid support;
calculating a third amount by subtracting the first amount from the second amount, said third amount representing EGFRvIII-specific antibody in the blood sample of the human, wherein a third amount of antibody which is above amounts determined for a population of control humans who do not have EGFRvIII expressing tumors and who have not been vaccinated against EGFRvIII or a third amount of antibody which is increased over a pre-immunization amount in the human indicates an antibody response to the peptide vaccination in the human.
4. The method of claim 1 , 2 , or 3 wherein the human has previously had an EGFRvIII expressing tumor which had been removed or treated.
5. The method of claim 1 , 2 , or 3 wherein the solid support is a bead.
6. The method of claim 1 , 2 , or 3 wherein the solid support is a well of a multi-well plate.
7. The method of claim 1 , 2 , or 3 wherein the solid support is a magnetic bead.
8. The method of claim 1 , 2 , or 3 wherein the solid support is a ferromagnetic bead.
9. The method of claim 1 , 2 , or 3 wherein the solid support is a paramagnetic bead.
10. The method of claim 1 , 2 , or 3 wherein the steps of determining a first and second amount of antibody bound to the peptide employ a second antibody which binds to human antibodies.
11. The method of claim 1 , 2 , or 3 wherein the solid support comprises a population of beads of multiple sizes.
12. The method of claim 4 wherein flow cytometry is used to measure the fluorescence intensity of the beads.
13. The method of claim 1 , 2 , or 3 wherein the blood sample is a blood fraction.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the free form of the peptide is contacted with the first portion of the blood sample prior to contacting of the first portion of the blood sample with the peptide immobilized to a solid support.
15. The method of claim 2 wherein the free form of the peptide is contacted with the first portion of the blood sample prior to contacting of the first portion of the blood sample with the peptide immobilized to a solid support.
16. The method of claim 3 wherein the free form of the peptide is contacted with the first portion of the blood sample prior to contacting of the first portion of the blood sample with the peptide immobilized to a solid support.