Tissue engineered meniscus scaffolds and methods of use
Provided herein are methods of producing a meniscus scaffold to remove material and increase the pore size and porosity therein. In some embodiments, methods include seeding the tissue with allogeneic or autogeneic cells. Bioscaffolds produced by the processes described herein are also provided, as are methods of treating a subject in need of a bioscaffold implant.
1. A method of producing a meniscus scaffold comprising:
decellularizing a meniscus tissue with an oxidant and detergent simultaneously to remove extraneous material and increase the pore size and porosity therein;
seeding the tissue with allogeneic or autogeneic cells; and then,
applying mechanical stress to the tissue in a bioreactor system, wherein said mechanical stress comprises compression;
to thereby produce said meniscus scaffold.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said oxidant is hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, or a mixture thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said oxidant is in an aqueous solution at a concentration of between 0.5 and 7% (w/v).
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said oxidant is in an aqueous solution at a concentration of between 1 and 4% (w/v).
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said detergent is in an aqueous solution at a concentration of between 0.5 and 5%.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said detergent is in an aqueous solution at a concentration of between 1 and 3%.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said cells are autologous cells.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said cells are mesenchymal stem cells or adipose stem cells.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising growing the cells under hypoxic conditions.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising growing the cells in an oxygen tension from 0 to 10%.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said mechanical stress is compression of up to 10%.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein said compression is cyclically or periodically applied.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said meniscus tissue is mammalian.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein said meniscus tissue is human.
15. The method of claim 1 , further comprising exposing said cells to one or more growth factors selected from FGF-2, GDF-5 and TGF-β1 in said bioreactor system.