Photomultipler-based neutron detector
A neutron detector is provided which may include a neutron converting layer, and a scintillator layer adjacent the neutron converting layer. The neutron detector may further include a photomultiplier adjacent the scintillator layer. By way of example, the neutron detector may be used in a well logging apparatus to determine a neutron flux incident upon the neutron converting layer, and thereby determine the neutron porosity of a geological formation around a wellbore.
1. A neutron detector comprising:
a neutron converting layer;
a scintillator layer adjacent said neutron converting layer; and
a photomultiplier adjacent said scintillator layer, and comprising a vacuum tube including an entrance window comprising a neutron transparent material, and a photocathode layer within said vacuum tube adjacent said entrance window;
wherein said neutron converting layer and scintillator layer are within said vacuum tube adjacent said entrance window.
2. The neutron detector of claim 1 wherein said neutron converting layer comprises at least one of Boron, Lithium, Cadmium and Gadolinium.
3. The neutron detector of claim 1 wherein said scintillator layer comprises at least one of YAlO 3 , NaI, LaBr 3 , and LaCl 3 .
4. The neutron detector of claim 1 wherein said photomultiplier comprises a series of dynodes, and an anode adjacent a last one of said series of dynodes.
5. A well logging apparatus comprising:
a well logging tool to be conveyed within a wellbore of a subterranean formation comprising a neutron converting layer,
a scintillator layer adjacent said neutron converting layer, and a photomultiplier adjacent said scintillator layer, wherein said photomultiplier comprises a vacuum tube including an entrance window comprising a neutron transparent material, and a photocathode layer within said vacuum tube adjacent said entrance window, and wherein said neutron converting layer and scintillator layer are within said vacuum tube adjacent said entrance window; and
a processor coupled to said well logging tool.
6. The well logging apparatus of claim 5 wherein said processor cooperates with said well logging tool to determine a neutron flux incident upon said neutron converting layer.
7. A neutron detection method comprising:
exposing a neutron converting layer to a neutron source to cause the neutron converting layer to generate charged particles;
exposing a scintillator layer adjacent the neutron converting layer to the charged particles generated by the neutron converting layer to cause the scintillator layer to generate photons;
exposing a photomultiplier adjacent the scintillator layer to the photons generated by the scintillator layer to cause the photomultiplier to generate electrical pulses, wherein the photomultiplier comprises a vacuum tube including an entrance window comprising a neutron transparent material, and a photocathode layer within the vacuum tube adjacent the entrance window, and wherein the neutron converting layer and scintillator layer are within the vacuum tube adjacent the entrance window; and
determining a neutron flux incident upon the neutron converting layer based upon the electrical pulses.