Sliding vane geometry turbines

1. An annular turbine nozzle comprising:

a nozzle vane including:

a stationary vane attached to a surface of a nozzle wall plate and including a first sliding surface; and

a sliding vane including a second sliding surface in contact with the first sliding surface, the sliding vane arranged outside of the stationary vane relative to a central axis of the turbine nozzle and positioned to slide in a direction substantially tangent to an inner circumference of the turbine nozzle, the first and second sliding surfaces perpendicular to the nozzle wall plate surface, the sliding vane including an actuation pin extending through a slot in the nozzle wall plate and attached to a unison ring, the unison ring coaxial with the nozzle wall plate.

2. The turbine nozzle of claim 1 , wherein the sliding vane travels in a direction between zero and sixty degrees relative to tangential of the inner circumference to change a throat area of a gas flow passage and wherein the inner circumference of the turbine nozzle is interior to the sliding vane and stationary vane.

3. The turbine nozzle of claim 1 , wherein the stationary vane includes a leading edge facing an outer circumference of the turbine nozzle, wherein the stationary vane includes a gas surface facing the inner circumference of the turbine nozzle, and wherein the sliding vane includes a gas surface facing the outer circumference of the turbine nozzle.

4. The turbine nozzle of claim 1 , wherein the stationary vane includes a tapered trailing edge facing the inner circumference of the turbine nozzle and wherein rotation of the unison ring moves the sliding vane in the direction substantially tangent to the inner circumference of the turbine nozzle.

5. The turbine nozzle of claim 1 , wherein the nozzle vane includes a chord extending between a leading edge of the nozzle vane and a trailing edge of the nozzle vane and a travel distance of the sliding vane is between zero and fifty percent of the second sliding surface of the sliding vane.

6. The turbine nozzle of claim 1 , wherein one or both of the second sliding surface of the sliding vane and the first sliding surface of the stationary vane are textured with one of a pattern or coarse texture.

7. The turbine nozzle of claim 1 , wherein the sliding vane is a first material and the stationary vane is a second material, the first material different from the second material.

8. The turbine nozzle of claim 5 , wherein the first sliding surface of the stationary vane forms an angle with the chord of 60 degrees.

9. The turbine nozzle of claim 7 , wherein one of the first material and the second material is ceramic or ceramic coated.

10. A method of adjusting a turbocharger turbine, comprising:

routing gas from an exhaust passage through a turbine nozzle to a turbine wheel, the turbine nozzle and turbine wheel sharing a central axis, the turbine nozzle including a stationary vane coupled to a surface of a nozzle wall plate; and

adjusting a shape of a nozzle vane of the turbine nozzle by sliding a sliding vane of the nozzle vane in a general radial direction in the turbine nozzle in response to an engine operating condition, a first sliding surface of the sliding vane in contact with a second sliding surface of the stationary vane, both the first and second sliding surfaces perpendicular to the surface of the nozzle wall plate, the sliding vane arranged outside of the stationary vane relative to the central axis, the sliding vane including an actuation pin extending through a slot in the nozzle wall plate and attached to a unison ring, the unison ring coaxial with the nozzle wall plate.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein adjusting the shape of the nozzle vane includes lengthening the nozzle vane in the general radial direction, wherein the stationary vane includes a gas surface facing an inner circumference of the turbine nozzle, and wherein the sliding vane includes a gas surface facing an outer circumference of the turbine nozzle, the sliding vane and the stationary vane positioned between the inner and outer circumferences of the turbine nozzle.

12. The method of claim 10 , wherein adjusting the shape of the nozzle vane includes shortening the nozzle vane.

13. The method of claim 11 , further comprising increasing a speed of the turbine by lengthening the nozzle vane.

14. The method of claim 11 , wherein lengthening the nozzle vane includes sliding the sliding vane of the nozzle vane away from a leading edge of the nozzle vane.

15. The method of claim 12 , wherein shortening the nozzle vane includes sliding the sliding vane of the nozzle vane toward a leading edge of the nozzle vane.

16. The turbine nozzle of claim 12 , further comprising decreasing a speed of the turbine by shortening the nozzle vane.

17. A turbocharger for an engine, comprising:

a turbine wheel having an axis of rotation;

an annular nozzle wall plate concentric with the turbine wheel, the nozzle wall plate including a stationary vane and a slot;

a sliding vane including an actuation pin configured to extend through the slot of the nozzle wall plate;

a bearing configured to receive the actuation pin of the sliding vane; and

a unison ring coaxial with the nozzle wall plate, the unison ring including a slot configured to receive the bearing and to move the sliding vane in a direction substantially tangent to an inner circumference of the nozzle wall plate, the sliding vane in sliding contact with the stationary vane through a first sliding surface of the sliding vane and a second sliding surface of the stationary vane, when one or both of the unison ring and the nozzle wall plate are rotated, both the first sliding surface of the sliding vane and the second sliding surface of the stationary vane perpendicular to a surface of the nozzle wall plate.

18. The turbocharger of claim 17 , wherein the stationary vane of the nozzle wall plate is ceramic or ceramic coated.

19. The turbocharger of claim 17 , wherein the first sliding surface of the sliding vane, the second sliding surface of the stationary vane, and the surface of the nozzle wall plate are planar surfaces and wherein both the first sliding surface of the sliding vane and the second sliding surface of the stationary vane are perpendicular to the surface of the nozzle wall plate.

20. The turbocharger of claim 17 , wherein the second sliding surface of the stationary vane has a first texture in sliding contact with the first sliding surface of the sliding vane, the first sliding surface of the sliding vane having a second texture.