Longitudinal resonating mode inertial mass sensing systems
The subject invention provides improved means to measure mass collected on a sample collection surface in real time. A resonant structure is used as the “scale” to determine the mass in real time. The invention employs a membrane, or collection substrate, on the end of a resonant structure resonating in the longitudinal direction. A structure resonating in the longitudinal mode offers a considerably higher resonant frequency than the same structure in the bending mode. The higher the resonant frequency, the more resolution in the frequency of oscillation is available to determine the mass of the collection surface or membrane. The present invention implements this attribute in connection with such a structure.
1. An inertial mass sensor, comprising:
a. a collection filter that collects particulate matter from a fluid;
b. a generally cylindrically shaped resonator, coupled to the collection filter, and having a length, a diameter and a longitudinal axis, and tapered to have a varying modulus of elasticity along its longitudinal axis;
i. the resonator being configured for achieving reciprocating linear movement along its longitudinal axis located along the length of the cylinder;
ii. having a first end and a second end; and
iii. the collection filter being mounted to the first end of the resonator;
c. a housing having an upper base and a lower base structure, surrounding the resonator, comprising:
i. a cavity having a diameter greater than the diameter of the resonator;
d. a first magnet, coupled to and surrounding the first end of the resonator;
e. a drive coil that:
i. surrounds the magnet; and
ii. generates an alternating electric current to produce reciprocating linear movement of the magnet/resonator along the longitudinal axis of the resonator wherein the reciprocating linear movement has a resonant frequency that varies depending on the mass of the particulate matter in the collection filter;
f. a means for sensing the resonance frequency of the resonator, located at the second end of the resonator; and
g. a means for measuring the mass or resonant frequency of the particulate matter.
2. The inertial mass sensor of claim 1 , further comprising:
a. A (node) clamp that:
i. is coupled to the resonator at a midpoint or the node point along its longitudinal axis;
ii. is located between the upper base and lower base; and
iii. is a location of zero amplitude of the resonator to create a half wave resonant structure.
3. The inertial mass sensor of claim 2 , further comprising a flange coupled to the node clamp and to the base structure.
4. The inertial mass sensor of claim 1 , further comprising
a first magnetic core constructed of ferromagnetic material, iron, Permalloy, or other similar material located above and below each magnet.
5. The inertial mass sensor of claim 4 , further comprising
a second magnetic core, comprising ferromagnetic, iron, or Permalloy or other similar material located above and below each magnet.
6. The inertial mass sensor of claim 1 , further comprising a second magnet, coupled to and surrounding the second end of the resonator.
7. The inertial mass sensor of claim 1 , wherein the drive coil is replaced by a voice coil assembly.
8. The inertial mass sensor of claim 1 , wherein the resonator is tapered.
9. The inertial mass sensor of claim 1 , further comprising a means for determining/inferring the composition of the particulate matter based on its mass.
10. An inertial mass sensor, comprising:
a. a collection filter that collects particulate matter from a fluid;
b. a resonator, coupled to the collection filter, and having a length and a diameter:
i. the resonator being configured for achieving reciprocating linear movement along its longitudinal axis located along the length of the cylinder;
ii. having a first end and a second end; and
iii. the collection filter being mounted to the first end of the resonator;
c. A housing having an upper base and a lower base structure, surrounding the resonator, and having
a cavity having a diameter greater than the diameter of the resonator;
d. a first magnet, coupled to and surrounding the first end of the resonator;
e. two drive coils that generate an alternating electric current to produce reciprocating linear movement of the magnet/resonator along the longitudinal axis of the resonator wherein the reciprocating linear movement has a resonant frequency that varies depending on the mass of the particulate matter in the collection filter; and
f. a load cell for sensing the resonance frequency of the resonator, by monitoring the impulse force of the resonator and producing a static sign wave when the system is driven into resonance.
11. The inertial mass sensor of claim 10 , wherein the static sign wave is used in a feedback loop to drive the system into and at resonance.
12. The inertial mass sensor of claim 10 , wherein the load cell is located at the second end of the resonator.
13. The inertial mass sensor of claim 10 , wherein the drive coil is replaced by a piezoelectric motor that generates surface acoustic waves along the resonator to induce resonance.
14. The inertial mass sensor of claim 13 , wherein the piezoelectric motor is coupled to the virtual midpoint of the resonator assembly.
15. The inertial mass sensor of claim 13 , further comprising a means to measure impedance produced by the piezoelectric motor during use to infer the resonant frequency.
16. The inertial mass sensor of claim 10 , wherein the load cell:
a. is coupled to a source of A/C current to cause reciprocating linear movement along the longitudinal axis of the resonator, and
b. measures any phase difference between the electric current (drive) and resonance frequency.